Economic Globalization and Civil War Essay Example for Free

Economic Globalization and Civil War Essay Researchers Katherine Barbieri and Rafael Reuveny attempt through their study on economic globalization and civil war to find the relation, if any, between the effects of globalization and the occurrence of civil wars in developing countries. Their hypothesis is that globalization has positive effects on developing countries, causing them to have more stability and become less likely to erupt in civil war. Using the examples of 74 civil wars spanning the years of 1970-1999, the researchers compared variables of globalization including international trade, foreign direct investment, foreign portfolio investment, and internet use against periods of civil war in corresponding countries. Their results revealed that when the globalization variables, with the exception of internet use, are more important to a country it is less likely to have a civil war. These variables produce an economic stability that makes people less inclined to interrupt the status quo. Their results showed that poor countries with large populations that were less likely to be economically equal in already dire financial straits are far more likely to see internal unrest. While globalization is unlikely to be the root cause of civil war and can help reduce the likelihood it cannot prevent it as there may be deeper forces at work such as cultural or ethnic inequalities that may be exacerbated by globalization.

Law and its system :: essays research papers

1.  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  The importance of a contract law to the private market system is vital for our private enterprise economy. It helps make buyers and sellers willing to do business together. Contract laws allows private agreements to be legally enforceable. Contract laws provides enormous flexibility and precision in business dealings. It provides flexibility in that you can agree to literally anything that is not illegal or against public policy. It gives precision in that with careful thinking you can make another agree to exactly the requirements that accomplish even a very complex business purpose. 2.  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚   a.  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Common law of contracts is understood to have many types of contracts. Another source is legislation. Various states have enacted the common law as a part of the state statues. b.  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  The UCC is the Uniform Commercial Code which is a state-based legislation. This covers the sale of goods. 3.  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚   a.  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  The following phrases are important to the understanding of contract law because a bilateral contract is an agreement containing mutual promises. A bilateral agreement is whenever there is doubt about the form. The party making the promise can control the application of many concepts of contract law by understanding the distinction between bilateral and unilateral contracts. Unilateral contract is an agreement with only one promise. The maker of such a promise seeks an action rather than a promise in return. b.  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  When many contracts arise from discussions in which parties actually discuss the promised terms of their agreement are called express contracts. Implied-in-facts arise from the conduct of the parties rather than from words.  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚   c.  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Implied-in-law contracts is when one party unjustly enriched at the expense of another, the law may imply a duty on the first party to pay the second even though there is no contract between the two parties.

Target Case Ananlysis

Target Corporation| Patrick Caine March 18, 2013| BUS428A Seminar in Financial Management| ————————————————- RECOMMENDATION After careful review and analysis of the five projects I would rank the projects in the following order of attractiveness: 1) The Barn 2) Whalen Court 3) Gopher Place 4) Stadium Remodel 5) Goldie’s Square. I came to this conclusion by taking into account the projects NPV and IRR given the size of the investment, opportunity market/growth, and with the overall goal of adding 100 new stores a year while maintaining.The Barn was my first choice because it had the highest IRR and second highest NPV given a not so large investment. Whalen Court has the highest NPV and offers favorable market share opportunities and demographics. These first two are considered good options to continue Targets growth. Gopher Place has attractive IRR and NPV comparable to the prototype, while giving Target market share. Also the population growth and median income demographics are favorable.The next opportunity is in the mediocre category, Stadium remodel, with the 3rd highest IRR and 4th NPV, but has higher risks as the store is deteriorating and has sales declines, which could hurt brand image. Also the stores have been remodeled twice already. This investment might be a good idea to keep the store afloat or it might have to be closed. Finally Goldie’s Square has the lowest NPV and IRR of the projects, declining market share, and the impact of the project won’t be seen till the third year. ————————————————- BACKGROUNDIt is November 2006, and CFO Doug Scovanner has to review five projects along with other members of the Capital Expenditure Committee, after five projects have already been accepted. Targets management has an overarching goal to create 100 new stores a year while maintaining their strong brand image and reputation. The investment decisions should be ranked according to their value to Target, 1-5. The analysis should include review of P/L, NPV, IRR, demographics, market share, sensitivity and variance to the prototype. ————————————————- ANALYSE Industry Analysis T. M. | Pricing Strategy| Buying Experience| Costs of Shopping| Target| Educated / savvy shopper| Expect more pay less| Just the right shopping| Slightly more| Wal-mart| Bargain hunter| Everyday low price| Barebones| Low-pricing| Costco| Bulk buyer| Discounts on bulk buying| Warehouse| Membership fee + low prices| As the case states, the intense competition in the retail market and has led to prices being driven down to almost cost, resulting in very small margins. This causes the companies to focus on every part of the ir business, including how they want to brand themselves to consumers.This chart above gives a brief look at that picture. Sales growth stem from creation of new stores and organic growth through existing stores. Though new stores are expensive to build, they are needed to access new markets and represent profit potential. Walmart Operates store formats similar to Target, and most Target stores operate in areas where one of more Walmart store is located. Also, the merchandising assortment overlaps on many of the same items, such as food, commodities, electronics, toys and sporting goods.The success of Walmart is attributed to the â€Å"every day low price† pricing strategy, which also drove local independent retailers out of business. Costco Costco attracts a customer base that overlaps with Target’s core customer. However, there is less overlap with respect to trade area and merchandising between Costco and Target than Walmart and Target. Costco also requires a member ship to shop in the store, where Target and Walmart do not. Costco provides discount pricing for its members who all buy in bulk for membership fees in return. In 2005 the fees equaled 2% of total revenue and 72. % of operating income. This shows how important those fees can be in a high competition and low margin market. Target Target emphasizes the customer experience and has the slogan â€Å"Expect more. Pay less. † They have been promoting their brand awareness through large advertising campaigns. The advertising expenses in 2005 were 2% of sales of 26. 6% of operating profits. Brand and store/product quality play a larger role for Target than Walmart. Target also offers a credit card, which accounted for 14. 8% of targets operating earnings and is important in the evaluation of each project. ———————————————— PROJECT ANALYSIS AND SUMMARY The Barn The project has the highest IRR, 16. 4% and the second highest NPV of $20,500. The NPV on this project is not highly sensitive. The location offers the incentive of have no nearby stores, creating a new market for Target. Additionally it requires the smallest investment amount out of the five projects. However, the market doesn’t have the ideal target demographics with only 17% of adults have earned a college degree, slow general population growth and lower income individuals Whalen CourtThe project gives target the opportunity to move into an urban center, where it will not have to compete directly with other Target stores, coinciding with managements goals . The project has the highest NPV at $25,900. The project has the second lowest IRR, of 9. 8% and needs 1. 9% more sales in order to reach the total store prototype. On the other hand this project requires the largest investment of $119M (which would need board approval). This cost would be offset by the brand image to an urban area wit h a lot of people. Finally the building would be leased instead of owned, which might have long tern consequences.Gopher Place The project has the second highest IRR of 12. 3% relative to all of the capital project requests. The NPV of the project is above the prototype and represents an investment of $23M. The demographics in this area are attractive with 27% population growth and a median household income of $56,000. Transfer sales or cannibalization is estimated at 19% of sales from the proposed area, as there are other Target stores in the areas. There are also two new Walmart Super Stores in the area, which could pose as threat to competition and prices.Additionally the effects of the project wouldn’t be felt until the third year, where incremental sales would increase significantly. Stadium Remodel The store has been in place since 1972 and has a very affluent market, where the median income is $65,921. About 42% of the market have taken 4+ years of college, which is th e second highest of the projects. The $17m investment would lift the lagging sales about 17% and potentially increase the brand image. On the other hand, the store has been remodel twice since 1972. The NPV is also very sensitive to sales decline, as can be seen in the sensitivity analysis graph.Goldie’s Square The area is considered a key strategic location for many retailers. Population growth is moderate at 16% with a median income of $56,000 and a quarter of the people holding a college degree. The project also has a low NPV sensitivity. However, a 45. 1% increase in forecasted sales is required to meet the prototype. The project also has the lowest NPV and IRR of all the projects being considered. Additionally, there are 12 existing Target stores operating in the market, which could potentially lead to high cannibalization.Transfer sales or cannibalization is estimated at 19% of sales from the proposed area. As a result of this competition, low sales forecasts are projec ted. ————————————————- SENSITIVITY ANALYSIS Gopher Place with initial investment $23m | IRR| NPV| Total| 12. 3%| $16,755| 10% Sales Decline| 10. 5%| $12,033| 10% Sales Increase| 13. 5%| $21,376| Whalen Court with initial investment $119. 3m | IRR| NPV| Total| 9. 8%| $25,875| 10% Sales Decline| 8. 8%| $9,264| 10% Sales Increase| 10. 8%| $42,522| The Barn with initial investment $13m IRR| NPV| Total| 16. 4%| $20,527| 10% Sales Decline| 14. 5%| $16,461| 10% Sales Increase| 18. 3%| $24,623| Goldie’s Square with initial investment $23. 9m | IRR| NPV| Total| 8. 1%| $317| 10% Sales Decline| 7%| $-3,765| 10% Sales Increase| 9. 2%| $4,325| Stadium Remodel with initial investment $17m | IRR| NPV| Total| 10. 8%| $15,739| 10% Sales Decline| 9%| $7,854| 10% Sales Increase| 12. 3%| $9,523| Given the table above for IRR and NPV sensitivity to changes in sales, Whalen Court seems t o be the most affected with large upside potential.Other than that, the projects seem to have to same negative and positive implications given a change in sales. ————————————————- QUESTIONS 1) If all else equal, and you have to decide between two projects one with a higher IRR and the other with a higher NPV, which would you favor? 2) How have population growth, income, and college degrees impacted your analysis of the projects? 3) How would different discount rates for store and credit card CF affect your recommendations? ——————————————– [ 1 ]. Target Corp. Case 19 [ 2 ]. Target Case

Claude Monet And Van Gogh - 1165 Words

Impressionism began in the mid-1800 s while Paris was the artistic capital of Europe. While Impressionism was rejected by the Salon de Paris, numerous artists grouped together so they could finally paint what they wanted to paint. Impressionists broke away from traditional artists who covered their canvas with dark undercoats versus the Impressionists painted on a white or cream-colored background for a brighter look. What attracted many to impressionism paintings was the shift from paintings focused on religious beliefs, historical moments, and influential people to art that emphasized both beauty and feelings. Two of the most well-known impressionist artists are Claude Monet and Vincent Van Gogh. Even though Monet and van Gogh were†¦show more content†¦Once there Monet met his first art dealer, Paul Durand-Ruel. After the war, his family moved to Argenteuil, France. â€Å"Banding together with several other artists, Monet helped form the Socià ©tà © Anonyme des Artiste s, Peintres, Sculpteurs, Graveurs, as an alternative to the Salon and exhibited their works together.† He and other artists created an art group to challenge the Salon. These artists were Pierre-Auguste Renoir, Camille Pissarro and Edouard Manet. The two hardships that Monet faced in his life was financial hardship associated with the birth of his first son and the death of his wife after she had been sick. â€Å"Throughout her life, Monet had painted her portrait several things capturing her beauty, graciousness, and joy of life on canvas.† Camille had been his muse, and model in some of his paintings. With her passing, Monet felt lost and angry and grieved for the longest time alone. These two things had a huge impact on his paintings that he made. Here is the in the artwork, especially with the brush stroke. painting that he made of his wife when she passed away. The painting shows impressionist styles by using thick brush strokes. Camille looks peaceful, sleeping in a cocoon of blankets is protecting her. It seems as though Monet painted a bouquet of flowers on top of her, white andShow MoreRelatedSimilarities And Differences Between Van Gogh And Monet944 Words   |  4 PagesVincent van Gogh and Claude Monet are two highly influential contributors to the art world. Both are renowned artists whose creations are on display in several art museums throughout the world. They are two artistic geniuses who are more alike than they appear to be. While there are many similarities between the lives and art of these two prodigies there are numerous differences as well in their technique/style, subject matter, and personal lives. Technique and style are two things that an artistRead MoreThe Starry Night Over The Rhone901 Words   |  4 Pagestime and make history. Vincent Willem van Gogh and Oscar- Claude Monet are one of those few who are both notably know artists. Vincent Willem van Gogh was a Dutch painter notably known for his use of beauty, emotion, and vivid and contrasting colors. One of Van Gogh’s famous paintings is the Starry Night Over the Rhone, which depicts a couple taking a midnight stroll along a illuminated river. A prologue to the art of the twentieth century, Oscar- Claude Monet painted various different famous landscapeRead MoreOffice Art Memo Office Art Memo Office Art Memo Essays1090 Words   |  5 Pages 2 The three impressionist painting I choose is Dance Class by Edgar Degas, Lunchon of the Boating Party by Piette Augustine Renoir, and Sunrise, by Claude Monet. 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Though I find both paintings to be very beautifulRead MoreImpressionism : A New Style Of Art858 Words   |  4 Pagesnew style of art called Impressionism was developed around the end of the 19th century called. Impressionism was initially organized by a group of artists called the Anony mous Society of Painters. This group was composed of many artists including Claude Monet, Auguste Renoir, and Camille Pissaro, as well as many others (Heilbrunn Timeline of Art History). These artists were all quite independent and their styles varied considerably, but they were unified by their difference and exclusion from the annualRead MoreA Brief Note On Impressionism And Post Impressionism958 Words   |  4 PagesImpressionism began which was a result of French artists rejecting traditional government and their standards. In 1874, the first independent art exhibition was held. 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Appearing to other artists to be a group, these independent painters with quite diverse artistic approaches, were only unifiedRead MoreMuseum Report on Houses of Parliament: Effect of Fog, London by Claude Monet728 Words   |  3 PagesMuseum Report 1. St. Petersburg Museum of Fine Arts, September 28, 2013, 11:00AM 2. Houses of Parliament: Effect of Fog, London 3. Claude Monet 4. 1904 5. Impressionism 6. Primarily cool blues with hints of green to enhance the subject, mostly a very light sky-blue mixed with white, progressing all the way to pale cerulean. The effect of fog detailed in the scene mutes the colors, lending the sfumato effect to the whole piece. 7. Landscape 8. Self; this and many others of the Palace of WestminsterRead MoreIwt1 Task 1 Wgu Essay1294 Words   |  6 Pagestraditional government sanctioned academic painting that was dominating their arts at the time. The first independent art exhibition was held in 1874 for one month. 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