Killer :: essays research papers fc

Chris WilderChris Wilder was born March 13, 1945. At two years old he well-nigh drowned in a swimming pool, at three he suffered convulsions and had to be resuscitated. His criminal history began in his teen years. At 17, Wilder and a chemical group of friends were charged with gang-raping a girl on the beach in Australia. He was sentenced two years probation and mandatory counseling after pleading guilty. The program include group therapy and electroshock treatments.      In November 1969, he used nude photographs to extort sex from an Australian student nurse. In March 1971, at Pompano Beach, Wilder was picked up on a charge of soliciting women to pose for nude photos he entered a plea of guilty to disturbing the peace and escaped with a small fine. 6 years later, in October 1977, he coerced a female high school student into oral sex, threatening to beat her if she refused, and he was jailed a befriend time. Wilder admitted the crime to his therapist, but con fidential interviews are inadmissible in court, and he was later acquitted. On June 21, 1980, he lured a teenaged girl into his railroad car with promises of a modeling job, then drove her to a rural area where she was raped. A guilty plea to charges of attempted sexual battery earned him quin years probation, with further therapy ordered by the court. Wilder was accused of kidnapping two 15-year-old girls from a beach in New South Wales on declination 28, 1982, forcing them to pose for pornographic snapshots. Traced through the license number of his rented car, Wilder was arrested on December 29, charged with kidnapping and indecent assault. Wilder was scheduled to appear in court for a hearing on April 3, 1984. He never made it.On February 6, Rosario Gonzalez, 20, disappeared from her job at the Miami Grand Prix. Chris Wilder was driving as a contestant that day, and witnesses recall her leaving with a man who fit Wilders description. Her body has never been found. On March 4, 23-year-old Elizabeth Kenyon vanished after work from the school where she taught in precious coral Gables. She was seen that afternoon, with Wilder, at a local gas station, and his name was found in her address book. Kenyons parents remembered her speaking of Wilder as "a real gentleman," unlike the assorted photographers who asked if she would model in the nude. .

Identity in Sylvia Plaths The Bell Jar Essay -- Plath Bell Jar Essays

Identity in The Bell Jar A sense of individuality is essential for surviving the many emotional and physical obstacles encountered in daily life. A unique identity is perhaps one of the only true characteristics that defines an individual and is definitely a key principle for understanding and responding to ones atmosphere. In the Bell Jar, Esther battles not only a deteriorating mental stability, nevertheless also a lack of a sense of individuality. Esther is a young, sensitive and intelligent womanhood who feels oppressed by the obvious social restrictions placed upon women, and the pressure she feels regarding her future. Undoubtedly these emotional burdens result not only in Esthers social and intellectual isolation, but also her impending mental breakdown. Clearly, Esther is deeply troubled by the hypocritical and often vicious world encompassing her, and feels overwhelmed and powerless to break free of her internal world of alienation. Instead of firmly establishing a gen uine sense of self, Esther adopts and scrutinizes the images and personalities of the women in her life, which neither fit nor reflect her legitimate character. Throughout the novel Esther is faced with numerous possibilities regarding her future aspirations. Although she is an extremely perceptive and bright woman, Esther has no sense of imminent direction, and instead imagines herself becoming and achieving an abundance of successes simultaneously. Upon meeting her boss, Jay Cee, Esther is immediately impressed with her flourishing ratio of a career and marriage, and begins to imagine herself attaining similar achievements I tried to imagine what it would be like if I were Cee...Cee, the famous editor, in an office full of p... ... The fair(prenominal) Identity. Twentieth Anniversary Edition. New York Norton, 1983. Nizer, Louis. The Implosion Conspiracy. New York Doubelday, 1973. Plath, Sylvia. The Bell Jar. 1963. London Faber, 1966. ---. The Journals of Sylvia Plath. Ed . Ted Hughes and Frances McCullough. 1982. London Anchor-Doubleday, 1998. Radosh, Ronald, and Joyce Milton, eds. The Rosenberg File A Search for the Truth. 1983. New Haven Yale UP, 1997. Rich, Adrienne. Compulsory Heterosexuality and homosexual Existence. Signs Journal of Women in Culture and Society 5 (1980) 631-60. Rep. In Adrienne Richs Poetry and Prose. Ed. Barbara Charlesworth Gelpi and Albert Gelpi. New York Norton, 1993. 203-24. Stevenson, Anne. Bitter Fame A Life of Sylvia Plath. London Viking-Penguin, 1989. Wagner-Martin, Linda. Sylvia Plath A Biography. New York Simon, 1987.

The Mathematical Aspects of Lewis Carrolls Alice in Wonderland Essay

The Mathematical Aspects of Lewis Carrolls Alice in WonderlandThe story Alice in Wonderland was written about a little girl named Alice who was a child of the dean of the church service of Christ. Alice Liddell was the one who convinced Charles Dodgson (Lewis Carroll) to write down the verbal story originally known as Alices Adventure Underground.Actually, the book is known by several(prenominal) different names, Alices Hours in Elfand,Alices Adventures in Wonderland, and Alice in Wonderland.I found it interesting that the Mid-Continent Public Library once listed the book under Lewis Carroll and has recently changed it to Charles L. Dodgson. If one looks on the placement of the book, Carroll was actually crossed off and Dodgson written over(Lewis Carroll Biography, The Victorian Web). As I began reading the book Alice in Wonderland, it was very obvious that Lewis Carroll was a logical mathematician.The coetaneous math class that I am currently taking has opened a new level of unde rstanding for myself if I had read the book anytime prior(prenominal) it would have read simply as an unusual childs fairytale.I find it interesting that the book Alice in Wonderland follows the first couple sections of our contemporary math book.I actually insure the mathematics behind the story.I never knew that math could be turned into a fairytale( pottyson/Mowry 46-47). The book begins with Alice and her sister sitting by the bank as Alice grows tired.Alice believes she sees a livid rabbit running by and decides to run after it.The rabbit jumps into a hole and Alice follows.I believe Lewis Carroll was a very intelligent man and like to estate his complex ideas through the use of Alice for you see Alice had learned several things of this sort in her lessons in the sch... ...ting effect(Weber,Food ,Drink,and Public Health in the Alice Books). Works Cited Carroll,L.(1952). Alice in Wonderland.Philadelphia TorontoThe John C. Winston Company. Johnson,D.,& Mowry,T.(1988).Mathema tics,A Practical Odyssey (3rd ed.). California Brooks/Cole Publishing Company. Connell, Kate. Opium as a Possible Influence upon the Alice Books celestial latitude 1993. Brown University/Victorian Web. July 17,2000 <http//landow.stg.brown.ed/victorian/carroll/aiw14.html. Lewis Carroll Biography December 1992. Brown University/Victorian Web. July 17,2000<http//llandow.stg.brown.ed/victorian/carroll/dreamchild/creamchild2.html. Weber,Anya.Food,Drink,andPublic Health in the Alice Books December 1995. Brown University/Victorian Web.July18,2000 <http//landow.stg.brown.ed/Victorian/Carroll/weber.html. Reflection - Alice in Wonderland

No Christmas :: essays research papers

When Christmas Couldnt ComeWe lived in the farmhouse until my dad lost his job in 1994. No interminable able to afford a mortgage, let alone utilities in the old, drafty house we moved into a smaller house two doors down. My mom called the new-fashioned house cozy making the best of a situation I couldnt begin to understand words like WIC, welfare and debt bastardlyt nothing to me at the time. I missed the barn that longed to be explored, the hill where at eight, I saw my first snowfall and of course, my room. The new house wasnt mine, it was Mirandas, a whiz who moved away, my room wasnt mine, it was hers. My mind raced with thousands of questions, all of them pitying myself, feeling bad for Andrea, forgetting about my family, all of them until my mom told the four of us that Christmas couldnt stick that year. The words fell out of my moms mouth like hail from a winter sky, pelting me in the face, stinging my entire body. What did she mean Christmas couldnt come, that we coul d no longer afford any extras, that things were going to be different? Instantly my eyes swelled with things unfamiliar to a tomboy, my heart raced my trim breath as I struggled to empathize with my parents, searching for a question, an answer, something to make it better.Before that November day I neer thought about money or affording things I grew up in a upper-middle class family where eating out was a commonality, vacations were assumed and for all I knew money could have grown on tress. I was eleven, self-absorbed in wants and wishes where the new house was a drag not more affordable and sharing a room was suffocating, not compromising. Life, for me, had never consisted in cutting corners or working to make ends meet, I simply lived getting what I wanted, not what I needed.Only after that conversation with my

The United Nations, the United States, and Iraq: Are we going to war? :: Essays Papers

The join Nations, the United States, and Iraq Are we going to contend?This paper was originally written over a week in the beginning the due date. As it was edited, events unfolded that may not be reflected in the following paragraphs. Printing the paper for final submittal, I cant help precisely feel that it is not finished. Today seems to be a pivotal moment in the conflict with ibn Talal Hussein ibn Talal Hussein. Iraq is located in western sandwich Asia, between Saudi-Arabian Arabia, Syria, Jordan, Turkey, and Iran. 95 percent of its 23 million inhabitants are Muslim, with a 5 percent Christian minority. The official language of the State is Islam objet dart ethnically the people is made up of Arabs, Kurds, Aramaic, and Azerbajanes. Between 1534 and 1918, Iraq was part of the Ottoman Empire. Afterwards, it was occupied by the British, until its independence in 1930. In 1958, the monarchy in place was overthrown and the nation was established. In 1963, the emit party assumed power until Saddam Husseins election in 1979. Between 1980 and 1988 the Iran-Iraq war ensued. Further turmoil followed when Husseins totalitarianism invaded Kuwait in 1990, thus originating the Gulf War. The United States reacted by launching Operation Desert Storm, between January 17 and February 29, 1991, with the support of Egypt, Syria, Morocco, and separate Arab States. The end of the war was marked by Kuwaits liberation, the instatement of international sanctions on Iraq, and the implementation of an embargo on that has proven devastating to the Iraqi people. Saddam Hussein, on his part, has resorted to repressive all types of opposition (including, among others, Kurds and Shiites). The result is a tense relationship between Baghdad and the United Nations. From an economic standpoint, Iraq holds significant power because it is the atomic number 42 country in the world in oil reserves. Members of the UN Security Council that support milita ry intervention see this approach as a way to clutches Hussein from operose to gain control of other countries in the Gulf and thus their oil. These countries want to protect oil deposits in the Arabian Peninsula while safekeeping Hussein from utilize weapons of mass destruction. By removing Saddam Hussein from power and implementing a democratic regime in Iraq, the United States also aims to eradicate what it considers to be a terrorist-harboring State.The United Nations, the United States, and Iraq Are we going to war? Essays PapersThe United Nations, the United States, and Iraq Are we going to war?This paper was originally written over a week before the due date. As it was edited, events unfolded that may not be reflected in the following paragraphs. Printing the paper for final submittal, I cant help but feel that it is not finished. Today seems to be a pivotal moment in the conflict with Saddam Hussein. Iraq is located in Western Asia, between Saudi Arabia, S yria, Jordan, Turkey, and Iran. 95 percent of its 23 million inhabitants are Muslim, with a 5 percent Christian minority. The official language of the State is Islam while ethnically the population is made up of Arabs, Kurds, Aramaic, and Azerbajanes. Between 1534 and 1918, Iraq was part of the Ottoman Empire. Afterwards, it was occupied by the British, until its independence in 1930. In 1958, the monarchy in place was overthrown and the Republic was established. In 1963, the Baas party assumed power until Saddam Husseins election in 1979. Between 1980 and 1988 the Iran-Iraq war ensued. Further turmoil followed when Husseins dictatorship invaded Kuwait in 1990, thus originating the Gulf War. The United States reacted by launching Operation Desert Storm, between January 17 and February 29, 1991, with the support of Egypt, Syria, Morocco, and other Arab States. The end of the war was marked by Kuwaits liberation, the instatement of international sanctions on Iraq, and the implementation of an embargo on that has proven devastating to the Iraqi people. Saddam Hussein, on his part, has resorted to repressing all types of opposition (including, among others, Kurds and Shiites). The result is a tense relationship between Baghdad and the United Nations. From an economic standpoint, Iraq holds significant power because it is the second country in the world in oil reserves. Members of the UN Security Council that support military intervention see this approach as a way to keep Hussein from threatening to gain control of other countries in the Gulf and thus their oil. These countries want to protect oil deposits in the Arabian Peninsula while keeping Hussein from using weapons of mass destruction. By removing Saddam Hussein from power and implementing a democratic regime in Iraq, the United States also aims to eradicate what it considers to be a terrorist-harboring State.

The United Nations, the United States, and Iraq: Are we going to war? :: Essays Papers

The fall in Nations, the United invokes, and Iraq Are we going to fight?This paper was primarily written every dwelling a week before the due date. As it was edited, events unfolded that may not be reflected in the following paragraphs. Printing the paper for closing submittal, I hobot help but feel that it is not finished. Today seems to be a pivotal moment in the conflict with ibn Talal Hussein Hussein. Iraq is located in Western Asia, amid Saudi Arabia, Syria, Jordan, Turkey, and Iran. 95 percent of its 23 million inhabitants are Muslim, with a 5 percent Christian minority. The semiofficial language of the State is Islam plot ethnically the population is made up of Arabs, Kurds, Aramaic, and Azerbajanes. Between 1534 and 1918, Iraq was part of the Ottoman Empire. Afterwards, it was occupied by the British, until its independence in 1930. In 1958, the monarchy in place was overthrown and the Republic was established. In 1963, the Baas party assumed precedent until Saddam Husseins election in 1979. Between 1980 and 1988 the Iran-Iraq war ensued. Further fit followed when Husseins dictatorship invaded Kuwait in 1990, thus originating the Gulf War. The United States reacted by launching Operation Desert Storm, between January 17 and February 29, 1991, with the accompaniment of Egypt, Syria, Morocco, and other Arab States. The end of the war was marked by Kuwaits liberation, the instatement of international sanctions on Iraq, and the implementation of an embargo on that has turn out devastating to the Iraqi people. Saddam Hussein, on his part, has resorted to repressing all types of opposition (including, among others, Kurds and Shiites). The result is a tense relationship between Baghdad and the United Nations. From an scotch standpoint, Iraq holds significant power because it is the second country in the world in oil reserves. Members of the UN Security Council that support military intervention see this approac h as a fashion to keep Hussein from threatening to gain control of other countries in the Gulf and thus their oil. These countries want to protect oil deposits in the Arabian Peninsula while keeping Hussein from using weapons of mass destruction. By removing Saddam Hussein from power and implementing a democratic regime in Iraq, the United States also aims to carry off what it considers to be a terrorist-harboring State.The United Nations, the United States, and Iraq Are we going to war? Essays PapersThe United Nations, the United States, and Iraq Are we going to war?This paper was originally written over a week before the due date. As it was edited, events unfolded that may not be reflected in the following paragraphs. Printing the paper for final submittal, I cant help but feel that it is not finished. Today seems to be a pivotal moment in the conflict with Saddam Hussein. Iraq is located in Western Asia, between Saudi Arabia, Syria, Jordan, Turkey, and Iran. 95 percent of its 23 million inhabitants are Muslim, with a 5 percent Christian minority. The official language of the State is Islam while ethnically the population is made up of Arabs, Kurds, Aramaic, and Azerbajanes. Between 1534 and 1918, Iraq was part of the Ottoman Empire. Afterwards, it was occupied by the British, until its independence in 1930. In 1958, the monarchy in place was overthrown and the Republic was established. In 1963, the Baas party assumed power until Saddam Husseins election in 1979. Between 1980 and 1988 the Iran-Iraq war ensued. Further turmoil followed when Husseins dictatorship invaded Kuwait in 1990, thus originating the Gulf War. The United States reacted by launching Operation Desert Storm, between January 17 and February 29, 1991, with the support of Egypt, Syria, Morocco, and other Arab States. The end of the war was marked by Kuwaits liberation, the instatement of international sanctions on Iraq, and the implementation of an embargo on tha t has proven devastating to the Iraqi people. Saddam Hussein, on his part, has resorted to repressing all types of opposition (including, among others, Kurds and Shiites). The result is a tense relationship between Baghdad and the United Nations. From an economic standpoint, Iraq holds significant power because it is the second country in the world in oil reserves. Members of the UN Security Council that support military intervention see this approach as a way to keep Hussein from threatening to gain control of other countries in the Gulf and thus their oil. These countries want to protect oil deposits in the Arabian Peninsula while keeping Hussein from using weapons of mass destruction. By removing Saddam Hussein from power and implementing a democratic regime in Iraq, the United States also aims to eradicate what it considers to be a terrorist-harboring State.

With Reference to at Least 2-3 of Amichai’s Poems, Identify the Main Stylistic Elements of His Work and Comment on Their Effectiveness.

With reference to at least 2-3 of Amichais poems, identify the main stylistic elements of his live and comment on their caseiveness. The main stylistic elements of the work of Yehuda Amichai greatly reflect the time in which he was writing and the place in which he was primed(p) whilst writing. Being born in Ger some(prenominal) in 1924 and then living in Israel in the 20th century meant that Amichai was exposed to a turbulent st senesce in world history as Israel had only just been created as a separate state after reality War II and Hitlers persecution of the Jewish race.At this time politics, war and religion were all at the centre of the worlds attention, and particularly for the Jewish people living in Israel as in that location was the invariant threat of violence from the Arab people in neighbouring Palestine. Throughout his work, Amichai is able to effectively convey the disruption and confusion cause by this conflict by use techniques such as scattered imagery and ir regular structure.To better understand the effectiveness of the stylistic elements utilize by Amichai, it is important to look at how he uses these techniques in his deeds. The root area of revolve somewhat that is important to understand Amichais style is to study where and when each poem is set. With contextual background it seems to be that roughly all of his poems are set in Israel or some sort of similar desert- bid place. God Has Pity on Kindergarten Children is one of Amichais earliest works and it gives a good indication as to the importance of place in his poetry.The importance of place is that in some of his works the prospect is very untold abstract and consciousness of a place in which the poem is set appears to change constantly, making the poem more universal and often with religious additions to the poems the setting is taken to a metaphysical, God like, all seeing dimension. In God Has pity on Kindergarten Children, Amichai changes place from a first-aid st ation to a desert like place as he describes sand before moving to a public bench and lastly a school.Then the idea of a metaphysical dimension is introduced with the reference to God and religion suggesting that God is all seeing and is watching over the world from the place in which he is located. The idea of thither being a nonher dimension from which God can look down on the world is reiterated in the poem, Gods Hand in the World where Amichai asks the question, What does God see through the window while his hands reach into the world? These religious images ink to the creation of a metaphysical place within the poems and they provoke the reader to think around how Amichai sees religion and how he responds to his own thoughts about God and his faith in general. The religious imagery that is recurring in many of his poems leads the reader to a conclusion that this is one of the main themes which much of Amichais work is centred around. The next key feature is the focus on time and how this affects the subject of his work whether it is a person, object or place.Amichai uses many ellipses in his work which makes the poems very radical which is mirrored in the constant change of place and the progression in time. In the poem, There Are Candles That have in mind there are three main measures of time given the first is twenty-four hours which is followed by eight hours and then there is a reference to candles that are eternal. In this poem, Amichai appears to be measuring life, and in particular his life, against the age of Israel which is a very new plain in this period.The inclusion of antiquities shows another dimension in the time references in the poem as it shows the past, but not the recent past as antiquities signifies relics that are possibly thousands of grades old. In some of Amichais poems there is modulation in tense, God Has Pity on Kindergarten Children shows modulation between stanza one and the other two stanzas with the shift from present tense to future tense.There is also modulation in There Are Candles That Remember however it is internal modulation in the lines, Late in my life I had a daughter who will be twenty-two in the year 2000. Her name is Emanuella In these two lines the tense changes from past to future to present with the words had followed by will and is which is another way in which Amichai shows the radical and uncertain nature of his work. Prominent in Amichais work is the inclusion of fragmented and scattered imagery and structure.The sudden shifts between subject matter in many stanzas are mirrored by the non-clustered imagery within the poems. There Are Candles That Remember has an irregular structure with lots of enjambed lines leaving the poem without a loaded structure. The imagery within the poem also contains many non-sequential and strange images such as the candles that remember where Amichai has personified the candles, this is then followed by the metaphorical reference to a sphere f ull of precious liquid. The images that follow are unrelated to the ones already mentioned, like the imile of the diaspora of old people that are said to be scattered about like antiquities and then the comparison to how Amichais soul is built like mountain terraces. This style of scattered and mostly unrelated imagery helps to add to the sense of confusion and chaos in the life that he lives especially in the time in which he is living as the creation of the new country of Israel along with the conflict between the world superpowers meant that the 20th century was a time when tension and war were ever present threats to peace.Some of Amichais imagery that is used in his work is very graphic and the use of the human body no matter how much or little is prominent in many of the poems. One of the best examples of this use of imagery is the poem, A Pity. We Were Such a Good Invention which opens with the image of a surgical procedure as the commencement line reads, They amputated your thighs from my hips. The body part imagery makes the poem seem more physical and possibly is an attempt by Amichai to highlight the loss of intimacy with someone that he wonderd. A cut through After Love is a good example of the use of body part imagery as well as an example of the indignation felt by Amichai which is expressed through his poetry. His anger and frustration is usually caused by love, politics and religion, and in the case of A Dog After Love it is the loss of love that causes the anger expressed by Amichai. This poem probably shows the most violent and graphic response to the loss of love as Amichai writes, I hope it will find you and rip your lovers balls to shreds and bite off his cock.This image effectively conveys the indignation felt by Amichai in a highly graphic way which makes it more impacting on the reader and therefore it has a greater immediate effect. Overall the main stylistic devices used by Amichai are the scattered imagery, irregular structures, often undefined place and changing times in which the poems are set. Furthermore, his work is always very individualised with a great use of the words I and my in almost all of his poetry.All of these elements help to create very unique poetry that often has an impacting effect on the reader as the individual style of Amichais writing makes it necessary for the reader to think carefully about what he is writing about and what emotions he is trying to convey. Personally, I feel that Amichais work very effectively conveys the emotion felt by the events he is writing about and the private nature of his work sometimes provokes sympathy, sadness, happiness or disdain which is a sign of an effective style of writing.

Hefty Hardware Essay

After reading Hefty hardware case study, I came up with the following analysis for this case It is very clear that in that respect is communication issues between the business and IT, there is no connection between the IT department and other business departments. To build good kind between the IT discussion section and the Business department, the four foundation blocks needed, Competence, credibility, interpersonal interaction, and trust, which all are not considered between the departments. (McKeen & Smith, 2012). The business manager feels that the IT dont have the enough competence for finding solution for solving business problems. And this is normal because the IT do not have the enough knowledge about Hefty Hardware business functioning and goals.The very important block in building good relationship between the IT and business department which is the interpersonal interaction is not available and ordinarily the meetings getting failed because the IT people dont down t he stairsstand the business talk and not ready to understand, also the business managers do not understand the technical foul talk when the IT start relieveing the technical aspects of the solution. Hefty Hardware do not has solid foundation and good relationship between the IT and the Business department, and this issue became the chief(prenominal) problem that Hefty should deal with it to make sure that the current and future projects depart success. Also it is important that the IT department spend the enough time to explain their plan to support the business functions and make sure that they get out work to achieve the organization goals.There is no information sharing between the departments or even between the executives because of the lack of communication. Information sharing will alleviate in reach common goal which will economic aid the organization to be more efficient and productive. Mr. Vogel suggestion was very good to have two from IT and business department tra vel together as this will mitigate the relationship between the two departments and make better understanding for the organization goals and will give them the chance to see how Hefty stores operate.The IT department seems to be short-handed and under budget, as Farzad was complaining that he bottomnot send some IT staff because they have a lot of work to do at the head quarter, the IT department is chiefly to perform the support and keep the network and the systems stable but they dont have the ability to think strategically. In order for the IT and the business erect work collaboratively to deliver the Savvy Store programsuccessfully the below recommendations need to be considered1- Hefty Hardware should invest in building a good relationship between the IT and Business department this can be achieved by conducting squad building training program where both department can interact and work together. As this will build a trusting and functional environment. 2- Developing the communication skills for Hefty employees and between the different departments, which will help in implementing successful projects. 3- IT and Business managers should work together for removing any communication obstacles to have a successful communication going. (Gartenstein, 2012). By having a weekly meetings which will strengthen the communication more .4- Interpersonal interaction between the IT and business departments should be improved in the meetings, as most of the time the business team feel that they are lost as then dont understand the technical points, this can be achieved by train the IT team to improve their communication skills and let then have the ability to communicate with non-technical people (which is not easy) and explain to them in simple way. Visual presentation may help in explaining the technical concepts . 5- Business team should also share the organization business needs and goals with the IT team to let them understand how is the business going and wha t is the goals of the company. By this cooperation, the gap between the two departments will be bridged and both teams will be able to think more efficiently in finding solutions that will enhance customer experience and will implement competitive solutions.6- Outsourcing the projects that need to be immediately implemented and do not trouble the IT department spot they are overloaded and dont have enough staff. 7- The Time management & Planning is very important for both departments, the organization should invest in having them trained in time management and planning, which will help them in doing the work efficiently and on time. 8- Do a market research for the like industry and try to implement a competitive solutions that will be a very good advantage for the organization. 9- Hiring more IT staff as the CIO is understaffed and has no ability to accept any new system development, so as to be able to work on Savvy store program. 10- The integrated should not be disconnected fr om the retail shops.ReferencesMcKeen, J. and Heather, S. (2011) IT Strategy Issues and Practices. 2nd Edition. ISBN-10 0132145669. Boston Prentice Hall.Gartenstein, D. (2012, January). Solutions for effective communication. Retrieved from eHow Family website http//www.ehow.com/way_5765631_solutions-effective-communication.html.Baum, J. (2011, March 18). Team building exercises in the workplace. Retrieved from Livestrong website http//www.livestrong.com/article/221732-team-building-exercises-in-the-workplace/.

Jerusalem Art Essay

Art involving capital of Israel is very controversial. One has to place into context the fact that capital of Israel is a epoch-making city for troika major religionsIslam, Judaism, and delivererianity. Having one(a) city be so earthshaking leads to both the creation of struggle and beauty. in that location is conflict in the sense of war and destruction, and beauty in the sense of art on the subject. The three pieces of art this writer selected were all twentieth century pieces, that all show signifi kittyt scenes, buildings or represent significant Psalms in the breeding of Jerusalem.Because of Jerusalems historical significance, this writer has chosen a piece of Islamic art that depicts the old city of Jerusalem, a piece of Jewish art that represents the Psalms, and a piece of Christian art that depicts the triumphal opening and some of the significant events of saintly Week, which is the final week of Christs life. The first piece of art is an Arab work that shows the o ld city of Jerusalem. In the painting, one gather ins a blue-gray sky that over faces a sandstone colored city. There is a partial wall surrounding the city, and there appears to be two large prayer towers in the background.There are as well some people, men, in the picture, looking towards the city and in a couple of cases walking towards that spiritual city. The city appears to be old, yet not ancient, which means this is probably dated somewhere around the Crusades. though this is a contemporary piece, the artist has chosen to depict Jerusalem at its pinnacle in Muslim hands. This painting probably represents Jerusalem during the Crusades. This piece would be very inspiring to Muslims, as it shows the city as theirs. It also gives them an image to look to when contemplating their own religious heritage.This brings us to the point of religious iconography and the Islamic faith. Religious iconography does not play as significant a role in Muslim religious life than in other rel igions. This is due in part to their trepidation about displaying the human form in a religious setting. This writer feels that this piece could be taken a number of different ways depending on the perspective, whether Muslim, Christian, or Jew. For Muslims if would take them back to a beat of Muslim supremacy, when they aim one of the most all important(p) cities in their religion.Jerusalem is a significant city for the Muslims. According to various scholars, Jerusalem is significant because it is believed it is the city from which Muhammad rose to heaven. It is also significant because some of Islams most significant prophets (Abraham and Jesus) preached and taught. It is also a place to which Muhammad made an historic night pilgrimage. For Christians and Jews, it would be a solemn monitor that there was a time when Christians and Jews lost their most holy city to a people they deemed infidels.It would bring about a profound sense of unhappiness and loss and might inspire a fighting spirit in Jews and Christians to reclaim their city. Over the years, the passions the Muslims have over Jerusalem have become exacerbate to the point of outright violence. The attitudes have only gotten more intense and more inflexible towards the Holy City. This writer feels that the times have only served to strengthen the disband of Muslims to reclaim the city that they perceive as theirs. Emotionally, the tensions in the region have made Muslims even more determined to control the city completely.As significant as Jerusalem is to Muslims, it also has a supreme significance to Jews. Jews actually fee as if the city belongs to them and was bequeathed to them by God thousands of years ago. It is so significant that dozens of Psalms were written about the city. One of the Psalms is 125, which says in part, as the mountains surround Jerusalem, so the Lord surrounds His people from this time forth and forever (verse 2). In this painting by Irv Davis, one sees an encapsula ted city of Jerusalem surrounded by grey mountains.The city is cream, almost white, and it is implied that the city is made of marble. The sky is blue and the sunlight is shining, adding to the shine on the city. One can imply that the encapsulation is the spirit of God surrounding the city and protecting it from outsiders and enemies. The contrasts are very sharp, the darkness of the mountains are contrasted with the honor and purity of the city. This obviously represents a very young Jerusalem. This also represents a time when the Jews were extremely fervent about their faith and wished to follow the Lord and undertake his will.This picture represents a Jerusalem on the rise. It is also a bit on the allegorical side, with the young city representing a young faith. The newness of the city represents the flame of the believers. They wish to follow the Lord and, as with anything new, the new city represents a new faith. This piece of art could be taken by the three groups in diff erent ways. For Jews, it represents a time in their history when they had a true passion for God and would write songs of praise to the Lord using their most holy city as an inspiration.For Muslims, it would be a dour reminder that a region and city of the world they felt they originally owned had been forcibly distant from their possession and would remain in control of another group for several thousand years. They would also bemoan the fact that a new faith corpse would be replacing the polytheism that had dominated the region in the years prior to the Jewish takeover. Jews view the city of Jerusalem with as many passions and emotions as the Muslims. They see it as one of the most significant cities of their faith, and as such, wish to reclaim it as a purely Judeo-Christian city.The emotions of the Jews towards the city have always been strong, tho over time, have waxed and waned, leading to the times that we have now where the Jews are fighting as passionately for the city as their Muslim counterparts. both groups have legitimate religious and traditional claims to the city, yet either refuses to give in and relent towards their passions for the city. They each want the city, and are willing to do retributive about anything to get and maintain control over it. Christians have a whole other unique perspective on the city of Jerusalem.Before we can discuss the artistic expression of the selected artwork, it bears discussing the cultural ties that bind Christians to the city of Jerusalem. Christians view the city as very important because not only did Jesus bring his triumphal entry into the city during Holy Week, but also taught in the region. Additionally, the apostles taught in the region and it was from the city of Jerusalem that Christianity was established in the form of Christs death and resurrection. The piece of art that was selected was some hand painted tiles from Jerusalem that show scenes from the triumphal entry and major scenes from Holy W eek.The tiles are well-painted and detailed. Though they are also twentieth century, the story they tell condenses the entire story of Christianity in four small tiles. They are done in yellows, blues, white, black, and red. These tiles show an older, wiser Jerusalem. There is an overall sadness to the scenes, when one places the tiles in the context of the Bible, one can find that there is indeed a sadness, but at the same time a joy in the scene being depicted. It is ironic that death represents life and tolerate, but that is indeed what this scene and this depiction of Jerusalem shows.For Christians, Jerusalem represents the birth of their religion and the new life that is promised from the rising from the dead of Christ. Though there may be other cities that are significant in Christendom, for Christians, the events that transpired the week of Holy Week in Jerusalem are what assured the promises made in all the other cities. This piece of art could be taken by the three religio ns in different ways. For Christians, obviously, there is an association with the outright birth of the religion.The death that occurred outside Jerusalem represented the birth of a whole new persuasion system. For Jews, while the beliefs of Christian might be unusual, would see Christians as having as legitimate a claim to the city as they do, since they feel that the two groups morality the same God. For Muslims, the scenes simply show significant scenes in the life of a major prophet of their faith. They may view the Christians claims towards the city as interesting, but not as significant nor as important as their own claim towards the city.Christian attitudes towards the city have always been passionate, and they actually fought seven-spot crusades that were specifically designed to take back the city from the Muslims. small-arm they were not successful for long in keeping the Muslims out, they were able to develop a life of peaceful coexistence with the Muslims. Christians traditionally have supported the Jewish claim towards the city, as evidenced in the fact that we actively support the mission of Israel today.Christian passions have always been high for the city, but they have cooled over time, and we no longer actively search to crusade against those we perceive as infidels. Christians now instead seek peaceful coexistence with other groups, but especially the Muslims. Christians are a pragmatic people that see the realities of the situation and only seek to have the best workable outcomes for all the parties. As one can see from the above statements, Jerusalem holds a special place in the hearts of all three religions. While it has inflamed passions, it has also inspired Psalmists and believers for centuries.We should seek understanding of the situations that create the passions and instead of seeming to remain in a state of constant conflict. We should view Jerusalem as a source of inspiration and not as a source of contention. The worlds thr ee largest religions each have legitimate claims to the city and each needs to give up something in order to get access to the one city that they all deem to be the most important in their religion. The city is a true test of negotiation and faith, and as such should remain a source of inspiration. Bibliography about. com, photo of Jerusalem Psalms. Judaism. 2000. 19 Apr 2009 . (picture URL) about. com, Painting of Jerusalem Psalms. Judaism. 2000. 26 Apr 2009 . Arab Art Gallery. Arab Art Gallery. 2004. 19 Apr 2009 . Easter Gift-Holy Easter Week. Jerusalem Pottery. 2009. 19 Apr 2009 . Importance of Jerusalem in Judaism and Israeli History. 2005. zionism-israel. com. 23 Apr 2009 . account of their Beatitudes the Patriarchs and of the Heads of the Christian Communities in Jerusalem on the Significance of Jerusalem for Christians. al-bushra. org. 14, Nov 1994. 23 Apr 2009 . Procon. org, What is the Significance of Jerusalem for Muslims. 21 May 2008. procon. org. 26 Apr 2009 .

Improving Youth Roles in Poverty Reduction

IMPROVING YOUTH ROLES IN POVERTY ERADICATION Poverty is one of the biggest problems that is faced by al intimately every nation institution wide, including Indonesia. It is a clinched problem that is influenced by various factor such as income rate, access to education, public health services, environmental issues, and another basic necessitys. Eradicating scantiness has always been discussed in both regional and international meeting and conferences, yet there is no suitable approach can be found to foment against it.Indonesia, as a developing country in Asia, has more than thirty million people living under scantness line. Government has been trying to explode many program that seemingly can reduce the number of poverty. It is essential to be perceived that poverty is not only individual problem, this is also considered as structural problem which means that it needs an integrated method and approach to handle it. Regarding this, government is not the only party that has resp onsibility to work on poverty eradication, its a must that the society be involved in.Talking about society participation in reducing poverty numbers, jejuneness is the most potential element that has a role as the agent of changes that carries out social missions to better a countrys life. Young people need to play a key role in shaping the future of their nations and communities and yet they are often excluded from the decision making processes. They should be at the van of global change and innovation. Empowered, they can be key agents for developing and peace. Youth has fresh, creative ideas and perspectives which can be very helpful in finding solutions to development problems.However, this is not going to run smoothly if young people has no concern about the future life of their country nor have any consciousness of belonging to the country which will be the obstacles to the government to succeed this approach. Attracting young people to actively and productively engaged i n government program of empowerment is the prior task. This has to be started from a very early level of education, young people has to have a great empathy toward social issues. This feeling of empathy will exact them closer to concrete actions and efforts to fight against poverty.Youth can take a part in different ways, those are 1) giving help in fundraising or bounty event, this can help many lives to get better access to basic needs and provide them a better living standard, 2) conducting social projects related to poverty reduction, youth as social control can attempt many social projects in distinctive areas in order to help government works on society empowerment and address local development challenges in their communities, 3) contributing ideas and initiatives towards government policy, youth is the representative of the whole citizen can work unneurotic to find the best solution for fight against poverty and for sure build a strong relations between the state and soc iety by collaborating with youth champions within government, 4) being a social entrepreneur, it is a sort of entrepreneur who runs a business whose profit is going to be allocated to the poor, 5) getting involved in youth organizations for change, this is kind of organizations which is being spread out around the globe, it helps young people develop their skills and awareness towards social and environmental issues and 6) advocacy, generally defined as an action for carrying out public interest, youth in advocacy can give important contribution in monitoring service provision at different levels.

Thinking about qualitative data collection & analysis for grounded theory Essay

Communication StrategiesIntroduction seek concept Creswell, John. Research Design Qualitative, Quantitative, and Mixed Methods Approaches. 3rd . New York SAGE Publications, 2011. The research will incorporate a well-crafted research design to enhance an effective selective information collection. The design describes how selective information collection will be done, the relevant playersto involvein the adopt, and the materials or instruments that will be used for data collection. This is done with considerations of the objective of the analyse. The research main aim is to measure The Relationship between Social Media and Effective Publicity in Organizations. Due to the nature and the phenomenon of the study, a qualitative research design is selected. This is because the design will employment a multi-method approach which is comprehensive in data collection and it ensures a qualitative data interpretation. Festinger, David. Essentials of Research Design and Methodology . New York SAGE publishers, 2013.Participants The study tar constitutes a population with the relevant information that will lead to approximately accurate findings. The participants will involve customers, employees, and suppliers of selected organizations. These individualsshould have knowledge of neighborly media, its application in business and they have an experience of the new technology in their daily business and organizational activities. A sample of 10 respondents will be selected helter-skelter from the targeted population. This will involve different people using the social media platforms in their daily lives. The study assumes that all the data self-contained from the respondents is representative of the prevalentstate to usage of social media in publicity of firms. Vogt, Paul. Qualitative Inquiry and Research Design Choosing Among Five Approaches. Cambridge Cambridge University Press, 2012. The study will employ a simple random technique in sampling the population. This is technique is selected because it is easy to use and manageable. It also minimizes bias in sample determination because the sample is selected randomly. The technique will enable the research get information from respondents selected randomly. This is important because sample will cover different people in different organizations at unique situations hence a comprehensive data collected. Stephene. opinion about qualitative data collection & analysis for grounded theory. Cambridge Cambridge University Press, 2013.Data Collection Validity of data collected defines the success of a conducted research. To achieve this goal, the study intends to utilize both secondary and primary sources of data. The primary sources data will be collected fromthe targeted respondent to the investigation. The secondary sources will include reports published by the selected organization giving the correlation between social media and the publicity of organizat ions. Patton, Michael. Qualitative Research & Evaluation Methods Integrating Theory and Practice. New York SAGE Publications, 2011. The materials that will be used for data collection are observation, interview schedules, and questionnaires. This instruments of data collection were selected due to the qualitative nature of the research. Well-structured questionnaires with both closed and open ended questions were administered to the targeted participant to the study. Maxwel, Joseph. Qualitative Research Design An Interactive Approach (Applied Social Research Methods). New York SAGE Publications Inc, 2012. Open-ended questions will give the respondents an opportunity to give their horizon on the relationship between social media and publicity of organizations. This aims at gathering any other additional information relevant to the study. Furthermore, the closed ended questions in the questionnaires will collect specific data from the respondents. The closed ended questions are important because they give a certain uniformity in responses and makes it easy for analysis. sooner sending the questionnaires to the participants, all the vague questions will be eliminated to make the eventual data collected relevant and easy to analyze. The questionnaires will be sent to the respondents finished their emails. Interviews will be done on phone where the sample population will be contacted and asked relevant questions that will address the research objectives.Conclusion A research design is one of the important elements that makes any study complete and successful. Due to the topic under investigation, a qualitative approach is taken. The study targets a sample of 10 participants from the targeted population and it will use a simple random technique to arrive at the sample. Data will be collected through interview schedules and administering of questionnaires.ReferencesCreswell, John. Research Design Qualitative, Quantitative, and Mixed Method s Approaches. 3rd . New York SAGE Publications, 2011.Festinger, David. Essentials of Research Design and Methodology . New York SAGE publishers, 2013.Maxwel, Joseph. Qualitative Research Design An Interactive Approach (Applied Social Research Methods). New York SAGE Publications Inc, 2012.Patton, Michael. Qualitative Research & Evaluation Methods Integrating Theory and Practice. New York SAGE Publications, 2011.Stephene. Thinking about qualitative data collection & analysis for grounded theory. Cambridge Cambridge University Press, 2013.Vogt, Paul. Qualitative Inquiry and Research Design Choosing Among Five Approaches. Cambridge Cambridge University Press, 2012.Source document

Production Supervisor

KRA ( rudimentary Responsibility Area/Key Results Area) Key Result Areas or KRAs refer to general areas of outcomes or outputs for which the incisions role is responsible. A typical role targets ternion to five KRA. Value of KRAs Identifying KRAs helps individuals Clarify their roles Align their roles to the organisations business or strategic plan Focus on results rather than activities Communicate their roles purposes to others Set goals and objectives Prioritize their activities, and therefore improve their time/work management put on value-added decisions Description of KRAsKey result areas (KRAs) capture about 80% of the departments work role. The remainder of the role is usually devoted to areas of shared accountability (e. g. , helping team members, participating in activities for the good of the organisation). CORE KRAs of HR DEPARTMENT -RECRUITMENT/ SELECTION -WORKFORCE PLANNING/ -DIVERSITY MANAGEMENT -PERFORMANCE MANAGEMENT -REWARD MANAGEMENT -WORKPLACE MANAGEMEN T -INDUSTRIAL dealing -SAFETY AND HEALTH WORKPLACE -BUILDING CAPABILITIES AND ORGANIZATION LEARNING -EFFECTIVE HR MANAGEMENT SYSTEMS , SUPPORT AND MONITORING KEY PERFORMANCE AREASThese are the areas within the HR DEPARTMENT, where an individual or group, is logically responsible / accountable for the results. To manage each KRA/ KPAs, a frozen of KPI are set . KRA and hence KPI is attributed to the department which atomic number 50 have effect on the business results and is self footfalld where applicable. THE IMPORTANCE AND WEIGHTAGE OF THESE ELEMENTS KRAs/KPAs/KPIs ARE GUIDED BY THE *VISION STATEMENT *MISSION STATEMENT * corporate OBJECTIVES *CORPORATE STRATEGY *CORPORATE BUSINESS UNITS/ DEPARTMENTAL PLANS/STRATEGY. FOR THE BUDGET PERIOD, THIS IS USUALLY 12 MONTHS.What Are Key Performance Indicators (KPI) Key Performance Indicators are quantifiable measurements, agreed to beforehand, that reflect the sarcastic success factors of an fundamental law. They allow differ dependi ng on the organization. A business may have as one of its Key Performance Indicators the pctage of its income that comes from double back customers. A school may focus its Key Performance Indicators on graduation rates of its students. A Customer Service Department may have as one of its Key Performance Indicators, in line with overall company KPIs, percentage of customer calls answered in the first minute.A Key Performance Indicator for a social service organization might be number of clients assisted during the year. Whatever Key Performance Indicators are selected, they must reflect the organizations goals, they must be key to its success,and they must be quantifiable (measurable). Key Performance Indicators usually are long-term considerations. The definition of what they are and how they are measured do non change often. The goals for a particular Key Performance Indicator may change as the organizations goals change, or as it gets closer to achieving a goal.Key Performance I ndicators forge The Organizational Goals An organization that has as one of its goals to be the most profitable company in our industry will have Key Performance Indicators that measure profit and related fiscal measures. Pre-tax Profit and Shareholder Equity will be among them. However, Percent of Profit Contributed to Community Causes probably will not be one of its Key Performance Indicators. On the other hand, a school is not concerned with making a profit, so its Key Performance Indicators will be different.KPIs like Graduation Rate and Success in Finding Employment after Graduation, though different, accurately reflect the schools mission and goals. Key Performance Indicators Must Be Quantifiable If a Key Performance Indicator is going to be of any value, there must be a way to accurately define and measure it. Generate More Repeat Customers is useless as a KPI without some way to distinguish between juvenile and repeat customers. Be The Most Popular Company wont work as a K PI because there is no way to measure the companys popularity or compare it to others.It is alike important to define the Key Performance Indicators and stay with the same definition from year to year. For a KPI of Increase Sales, you need to address considerations like whether to measure by units sold or by dollar value of sales. Will returns be deducted from sales in the month of the sale or the month of the return? Will sales be recorded for the KPI at list price or at the actual sales price? You also need to set targets for each Key Performance Indicator. A company goal to be the employer of choice might include a KPI of Turnover Rate. After he Key Performance Indicator has been defined as the number of voluntary resignations and terminations for performance, divided by the total number of employees at the beginning of the period and a way to measure it has been set up by collecting the information in an HRIS, the target has to be established. Reduce turnover by five percent pe r year is a clear target that everyone will understand and be able to take specific action to accomplish. Key Performance Indicators Must be Key To Organizational Success Many things are measurable. That does not make them key to the organizations success.In selecting Key Performance Indicators, it is critical to limit them to those factors that are essential to the organization reaching its goals. It is also important to keep the number of Key Performance Indicators small just to keep everyones attention focused on achieving the same KPIs. That is not to say, for instance, that a company will have only three or four total KPIs in total. Rather there will be three or four Key Performance Indicators for the company and all the units within it will have three, four, or five KPIs that support the overall company goals and can be rolled up into them.If a company Key Performance Indicator is Increased Customer Satisfaction, that KPI will be focused other than in different departments. Th e Manufacturing Department may have a KPI of Number of Units Rejected by Quality Inspection, while the Sales Department has a KPI of Minutes a Customer Is on Hold before a Sales Rep Answers. Success by the Sales and Manufacturing Departments in meeting their several(prenominal) departmental Key Performance Indicators will help the company meet its overall KPI.

Language Variation and Change in Sultanate of Oman

Language Variation and alternate in Sultanate of Oman Macro-Sociolinguistics Parsa Khan Student ID 35700-1095 Arabic, the sixth largest verbalize oral communication in the world, which consists of 186,000,000 tattleers around the globe and being the ex swap linguistic communication of the Middle East, is single of the most signifi great dealt languages in this century. Sultanate of Oman which is an Arab nation and its national language is standard Arabic may not make up much of those 186,000,000 expressers moreover it surely has and maintains an essential part in the Arabic language.In this paper I will be discussing language reading flip in Oman, focusing on Gender, Social Class and Religion. I will be oddly look at the change in the use of vocabulary, dialects and t unmatched utilise by the people of Oman. The Sultanate of Oman which is located on the southeast coast of the Arabian Peninsula and has borders with UAE, Saudi Arabia and Yemen is one of the biggest coun tries in Middle East in terms of its repose atomic number 18a. The reason Im selecting this democracy as my main focus is because I have lived thither for almost 18 years and thus Ive had the opportunity to closely act with its people and language.The Sultanate of Oman has a very rich culture and follows the monarchy ruling approach. The first king was His highness Said Al Said and later on and gutter date his son, Sultan Qaboos Bin Said. In the early days, Oman was ruled by the Portuguese and then later on by the British. These two ruling parties leave over(p) a huge impact on slightly(prenominal) aspects of the rude, including language. Addition to that during the 19th century Oman took a lot of influence from East Africa, which included Tanzania and Kenya.Poole (2006) said These connect between East Africa and Oman be evident today Afri fecal matter features of round Omanis and in the use of Swahili in the Sultanate, particularly among Zanzibari Omanis, who may have been born in East Africa or else can trace their family history to that region. This influence leads to the addition of more languages in Oman and the main one being Swahili. Other languages which ar intercommunicate each(prenominal) around Oman atomic number 18 Baluchi and Farsi and face which is too the official second language of the country. side has official approval as the second language of Oman Poole (2006). As a result, unalike varieties of Arabic and different languages are spoken only around the country. Even though Oman has a low population rate compared to different Middle Eastern countries, it has number of regions in the country Governate of Muscat, Dhakliya, Sharkiya, Wusta, Dhofar (salalah), Batinah (Sohar) and Mussandam. Muscat being the capital of the country has a cosmopolitan society which means that all types of Arabic varieties are spoken on that point, including Hindi as well.As the Indian Ocean is attached, Oman took a lot of influence from Ind ia and many local Omanis understand Hindi. Indian varieties of side of meat employ in Oman often exhibit the lilting intonation patterns some propagation labeled Bombay Welsh Poole (2006). The different main region which is the Dhofar region has taken the Yemeni Arabic influence because Yemens border touches the dhofar region. There is an opposite rare dialect which exist, called the Jabali which is spoken by the people living in the mountains and speak a variety of unusual South Arabian languages that are not mutually intelligible with modern Arabic.Minority groups speak Arabic (Anonymous). There are number of varieties which exist in the Arabic language curiously in Oman exclusively the two chief divisions of Arabic are Classical Arabic and Modern Standard Arabic. Classical Arabic is the grey Arabic, which originates from the holy book, Quran. While modern standard Arabic on the opposite hand is use in the current era in various domains much(prenominal) as home and work place and media as well. This paper will be focusing more on Modern Standard Arabic in Oman.Initially when the first king was ruling the country, Oman was not able to mark its existence knockoutly due to the methods the king had adopted. Few people really recognized Oman as a country and the people of Oman and the economy of Oman were not able to grow at the same level as rest of the Middle East. It was save tardily when the present king took the throne Oman was able to grow in various authoritys. Out of many factors which were developed immensely, I personally believe education was devoted up the most grandeur by the current Sultan.At the moment Oman is ranked 126th out of 183 countries for having a literacy rate of 81. 4%. For instance there was a time when there were only two schools which were controlled by the expatriates but now Oman has number of government and private schools and universities and one huge well reputed university-Sultan Qaboos University which is fund ed by the Sultan. The reason I call this fact is that I believe education plays a very important role when it comes to being fluent at any language be it veritable(a)tide the mother tongue.In addition to that, it supports my first main sub deceaseic which is gender. Gender is defined is a variety of characteristics employ to differentiate betweenmales andfemales, and to sign the manlikeandfeminineattributes. Linking gender and Arabic will lead to other variables such as education and age which I will be discussing below. In the total of Middle East, we can clearly guarantee that men are usually more dominant in many aspects. How ever so so in recent quantify we can underwrite a change in how women are treated and given more enormousness. In the case of Oman, one can see this change clearly.By promoting education, the sultan not only allowed girls to attend school but similarly offered them jobs in the government. This change has definitely influenced Oman as the literacy rate of women aged 15-24 in Oman rise from 75% in 1990 to 97% in 2005. (Reem Bassiouney,2009). Also currently Oman has the highest number of women ministers compared to other Arab countries. All around the word all languages have certain speech communication which are only used on a specific gender, for example in Arabic if you want to address someone by positing you, we would separate inta for a man and inti for a woman.Thus this establishes a difference between the two genders and the language differences that exist. In Oman, women are generally expected and seen in the househ one-time(a), doing regular chores and fetching care of the kids. Girls are less likely to be found using slang or even vulgar counselings of speaking unlike boys and especially younger adolescents. When Oman was underdeveloped and there was no sign of literacy, these women would serious interact with their family members and learn whatever is being taught to them. Now things have changed and women ta lk and work freely. This has brought some significant changes in language use in Oman.For instance, if we compare two women from the same tribe but one is educated and lives in the city fleck the other s public treasury lives in the village, we will see that the tone and the manner of speaking both of them use will be different. Example the woman from the tribe would apostrophize another lady with a long hello which will be Asalam le kum wa rahmat ul wa bara kato in a high pitch, term the other lady will have more of a mellow tone and pick out with just Asalam le kum. This might not always be the case, but as far as what I have observed this is what is happening these days.Commonly women in Oman who have not been provided with dinner dress education are likely to speak in a higher tone and perhaps use vernacular vocabulary. The men in Oman are considered to be very kind and generous in behavior. However depending to whom they are communicating, they will use certain words and even change their accent. If a group of friends are talking they will use a lot more slang, regardless of what age group they belong to but if they are talking to their elders we will see that they would use honored dialects and make it established as much as possible which is the similar case in women as well.Back in the days, men would interact in a more soused tone with harsh words which in todays modern Oman it might be considered as rude as well but this was just a way of expressing the masculine side and power of the man. Jones and Ridout (2005) found Of equal importance in the discussion of recent developments that follows below is what Fredrik Earth characterizes as Omani male societys powerfully internalised ideology of politeness,4 which turns out to be more than just a matter of superficial grace and elegance, but integral to a sense of cordial identityThe next exculpateic we will be focusing on is fond class. In Oman ones identity and from where which tribe or f amily one belongs to, has tremendous importance for the people. Omanis do not have the caste system but have a hierarchy of families, which divides people and as a result shows where they belong complaisantly. The top of the hierarchy we have the Saids, which come directly from the Sultans family. Under them we have the Al Busaidis and so on. In Oman a persons hearty status is judged by identifying which tribal family one belongs to.The use of language in these different tribes only starts varying if we keep going down in hierarchy. The group belonging on the top uses the prestigious Arabic consisting of modern standard Arabic, while the lower class would use the Bedouin Arabic. Aside from Arabic, we will focus more on side of meat under this topic. As adduceed above, English has been made the second official language of Oman after Arabic due to various reasons which is one of the main language change we can see in this society.Even though I have observed, most omanis including the youth are not able to speak English fluently. Speaking English in Oman, reflects your social standing and education level, so if one speaks English fluently he or she is considered to be from the upper class. As (jabour,.. ) found English language is associated with many stereotypes and issues. Social status and levels are also associated with learning English. Wealthy people take emolument of their high status in most aspects of life whether in employment or education.Many wealthy people may have lower score on their national exams, but may still get recover to higher educational opportunities and in turn develop better English skills by virtue of their class standing. From the above findings we can clearly see that English in the omani society has a lot of importance as it is connected with one being educated, getting a better job and just generally being respected in the society. Islam is the official religion of Oman and most of the population consists of Ibadhis followed by Sunnis and the Shias.According to US department of state Non-Ibadhi and non-Sunni religious communities individually effect less than 5 percent of the population and include various groups of Shiite Muslims, Hindus, Buddhists, Sikhs, and Christians (Oman, International Religious Report,2007). As known the language used in Islam is Classical Arabic in holy book of Quran and hadiths and thus even regional ceremonies and prayer classical Arabic used. According to Reem Bassiouney, In Arab countries, religion is not seen as an individuals personal choice but more as persons identity and family affilation. 2009). Thus we will not see a huge change or variableness in religion in Oman. Addition one other main reason is that unlike other religions such as Hinduism or Christianity which have different holy books, Islam only follows one book since the origin of the religion and till now. This gives less chance for the language used in religion to change. Having said that, we can still po int out minor details the three Islamic groups have. As Hoffman (2004) found Ibadhi Muslims complain that although they read the literature of all sects, non-Ibadis hardly ever look at Ibadhi literature.This shows that even though this group has their own work, not many people are aware of it and thus the new contemporaries just follows and reads what the sunnis and shites have provided which leads to less variation between language use. According to western thinking, Islamic women are suppose be covered at all times and just working at home at all times. Addition that it is also interpreted that Islam does not have any women right and that they are always under mens authority.To change such concepts from the peoples mind and show them the true role and Islamic women has, many educated Omani women wanted to take the good of knowing English language to tell and explain the other societies what they do not know more or less them. They would like to share why they believe in Islam a nd what they see as the real message behind the religion. They expressed concern over how the media is delivering a distorted picture of Islam and over the lack of awareness nearly the prophet Mohamed, his life, and his morals. Jabur,2008) In conclusion I think that there has been number of language changes in Oman in many aspects. In Arabic itself and the use of English language all over the country is the main change one can notice in this society. Oman as a country is very much stable, compared to other Middle Eastern countries and is developing in various ways which gives the people of Oman the opportunity to learn and diversify themselves more. The importance of education in this country will surely make Oman stand out and this shows the beginning of a successful nation.However we can say that this is just the beginning and in future we are likely to see more language changes in this society due to more exposure the people will get and the recent boom in tourism. More influenc es from different societies will occur and Oman will be an impressive cosmopolitan society. As I was conducting my research on this paper I also realized that not many research and studies have been performed on Oman, which indirectly shows that a lot more is yet to be discovered and can be learned from this nation. I expect that the English language will be the dominate language in Oman within a few decades.Sadly to say, the Arabic language might lose its users, its elegance, and its influence on the Arabic culture and individuals, but English might help them in overcoming their obstacles and constraints. (Jabour,2008). This last statement leaves the reader with a thought provoking feeling that maybe the country which is known to keep its tradition and values intact is losing its official language while on the prosecution of developing as and educated society. On a personal note I disagree as living in this society I strongly believe that Omanis, no matter how educated or modern th ey get will always remember their mother tongue andLanguage Variation and Change in Sultanate of OmanLanguage Variation and Change in Sultanate of Oman Macro-Sociolinguistics Parsa Khan Student ID 35700-1095 Arabic, the sixth largest spoken language in the world, which consists of 186,000,000 speakers around the globe and being the primordial language of the Middle East, is one of the most significant languages in this century. Sultanate of Oman which is an Arab nation and its national language is standard Arabic may not make up much of those 186,000,000 speakers but it surely has and maintains an essential part in the Arabic language.In this paper I will be discussing language variation change in Oman, focusing on Gender, Social Class and Religion. I will be especially look at the change in the use of vocabulary, dialects and tone used by the people of Oman. The Sultanate of Oman which is located on the southeast coast of the Arabian Peninsula and has borders with UAE, Saudi Arab ia and Yemen is one of the biggest countries in Middle East in terms of its flat coat area. The reason Im selecting this country as my main focus is because I have lived there for almost 18 years and thus Ive had the opportunity to closely interact with its people and language.The Sultanate of Oman has a very rich culture and follows the monarchy ruling approach. The first king was His highness Said Al Said and later on and till date his son, Sultan Qaboos Bin Said. In the early days, Oman was ruled by the Portuguese and then later on by the British. These two ruling parties left a huge impact on many aspects of the country, including language. Addition to that during the 19th century Oman took a lot of influence from East Africa, which included Tanzania and Kenya.Poole (2006) said These associate between East Africa and Oman are evident today African features of some Omanis and in the use of Swahili in the Sultanate, particularly among Zanzibari Omanis, who may have been born in East Africa or else can trace their family history to that region. This influence leads to the addition of more languages in Oman and the main one being Swahili. Other languages which are spoken all around Oman are Baluchi and Farsi and English which is also the official second language of the country. English has official approval as the second language of Oman Poole (2006). As a result, different varieties of Arabic and different languages are spoken all around the country. Even though Oman has a low population rate compared to other Middle Eastern countries, it has number of regions in the country Governate of Muscat, Dhakliya, Sharkiya, Wusta, Dhofar (salalah), Batinah (Sohar) and Mussandam. Muscat being the capital of the country has a cosmopolitan society which means that all types of Arabic varieties are spoken there, including Hindi as well.As the Indian Ocean is attached, Oman took a lot of influence from India and many local Omanis understand Hindi. Indian varieties of English used in Oman often exhibit the lilting intonation patterns sometimes labeled Bombay Welsh Poole (2006). The other main region which is the Dhofar region has taken the Yemeni Arabic influence because Yemens border touches the dhofar region. There is another rare dialect which exist, called the Jabali which is spoken by the people living in the mountains and speak a variety of unusual South Arabian languages that are not mutually intelligible with modern Arabic.Minority groups speak Arabic (Anonymous). There are number of varieties which exist in the Arabic language especially in Oman but the two chief divisions of Arabic are Classical Arabic and Modern Standard Arabic. Classical Arabic is the old Arabic, which originates from the holy book, Quran. While modern standard Arabic on the other hand is used in the current era in various domains such as home and work place and media as well. This paper will be focusing more on Modern Standard Arabic in Oman.Initially when the first king was ruling the country, Oman was not able to mark its existence strongly due to the methods the king had adopted. Few people really recognized Oman as a country and the people of Oman and the economy of Oman were not able to grow at the same level as rest of the Middle East. It was just recently when the present king took the throne Oman was able to grow in various ways. Out of many factors which were developed immensely, I personally believe education was given the most importance by the current Sultan.At the moment Oman is ranked 126th out of 183 countries for having a literacy rate of 81. 4%. For instance there was a time when there were only two schools which were controlled by the expatriates but now Oman has number of government and private schools and universities and one huge well reputed university-Sultan Qaboos University which is funded by the Sultan. The reason I mention this fact is that I believe education plays a very important role when it comes to being fluen t at any language be it even the mother tongue.In addition to that, it supports my first main sub topic which is gender. Gender is defined is a variety of characteristics used to differentiate betweenmales andfemales, and to sign themasculineandfeminineattributes. Linking gender and Arabic will lead to other variables such as education and age which I will be discussing below. In the all in all of Middle East, we can clearly see that men are usually more dominant in many aspects. However in recent times we can see a change in how women are treated and given more importance. In the case of Oman, one can see this change clearly.By promoting education, the sultan not only allowed girls to attend school but also offered them jobs in the government. This change has definitely influenced Oman as the literacy rate of women aged 15-24 in Oman rose from 75% in 1990 to 97% in 2005. (Reem Bassiouney,2009). Also currently Oman has the highest number of women ministers compared to other Arab co untries. All around the word all languages have certain words which are only used on a specific gender, for example in Arabic if you want to address someone by saying you, we would say inta for a man and inti for a woman.Thus this establishes a difference between the two genders and the language differences that exist. In Oman, women are generally expected and seen in the household, doing regular chores and victorious care of the kids. Girls are less likely to be found using slang or even vulgar ways of speaking unlike boys and especially younger adolescents. When Oman was underdeveloped and there was no sign of literacy, these women would just interact with their family members and learn whatever is being taught to them. Now things have changed and women talk and work freely. This has brought some significant changes in language use in Oman.For instance, if we compare two women from the same tribe but one is educated and lives in the city while the other still lives in the village , we will see that the tone and the words both of them use will be different. Example the woman from the tribe would greet another lady with a long hello which will be Asalam le kum wa rahmat ul wa bara kato in a high pitch, while the other lady will have more of a mellow tone and greet with just Asalam le kum. This might not always be the case, but as far as what I have observed this is what is happening these days.Commonly women in Oman who have not been provided with formal education are likely to speak in a higher tone and perhaps use vernacular vocabulary. The men in Oman are considered to be very kind and generous in behavior. However depending to whom they are communicating, they will use certain words and even change their accent. If a group of friends are talking they will use a lot more slang, regardless of what age group they belong to but if they are talking to their elders we will see that they would use prestigious dialects and make it formal as much as possible which is the similar case in women as well.Back in the days, men would interact in a more strong tone with harsh words which in todays modern Oman it might be considered as rude as well but this was just a way of expressing the masculine side and power of the man. Jones and Ridout (2005) found Of equal importance in the discussion of recent developments that follows below is what Fredrik Earth characterizes as Omani male societys potently internalised ideology of politeness,4 which turns out to be more than just a matter of superficial grace and elegance, but integral to a sense of social identityThe next topic we will be focusing on is social class. In Oman ones identity and from where which tribe or family one belongs to, has tremendous importance for the people. Omanis do not have the caste system but have a hierarchy of families, which divides people and as a result shows where they belong socially. The top of the hierarchy we have the Saids, which come directly from the Sultans fam ily. Under them we have the Al Busaidis and so on. In Oman a persons social status is judged by identifying which tribal family one belongs to.The use of language in these different tribes only starts varying if we keep going down in hierarchy. The group belonging on the top uses the prestigious Arabic consisting of modern standard Arabic, while the lower class would use the Bedouin Arabic. Aside from Arabic, we will focus more on English under this topic. As mentioned above, English has been made the second official language of Oman after Arabic due to various reasons which is one of the main language change we can see in this society.Even though I have observed, most omanis including the youth are not able to speak English fluently. Speaking English in Oman, reflects your social standing and education level, so if one speaks English fluently he or she is considered to be from the upper class. As (jabour,.. ) found English language is associated with many stereotypes and issues. So cial status and levels are also associated with learning English. Wealthy people take advantage of their high status in most aspects of life whether in employment or education.Many wealthy people may have lower score on their national exams, but may still get entrance fee to higher educational opportunities and in turn develop better English skills by virtue of their class standing. From the above findings we can clearly see that English in the omani society has a lot of importance as it is connected with one being educated, getting a better job and just generally being respected in the society. Islam is the official religion of Oman and most of the population consists of Ibadhis followed by Sunnis and the Shias.According to US department of state Non-Ibadhi and non-Sunni religious communities individually cite less than 5 percent of the population and include various groups of Shiite Muslims, Hindus, Buddhists, Sikhs, and Christians (Oman, International Religious Report,2007). A s known the language used in Islam is Classical Arabic in holy book of Quran and hadiths and thus even regional ceremonies and prayer classical Arabic used. According to Reem Bassiouney, In Arab countries, religion is not seen as an individuals personal choice but more as persons identity and family affilation. 2009). Thus we will not see a huge change or variation in religion in Oman. Addition one other main reason is that unlike other religions such as Hinduism or Christianity which have different holy books, Islam only follows one book since the origin of the religion and till now. This gives less chance for the language used in religion to change. Having said that, we can still point out minor details the three Islamic groups have. As Hoffman (2004) found Ibadhi Muslims complain that although they read the literature of all sects, non-Ibadis hardly ever look at Ibadhi literature.This shows that even though this group has their own work, not many people are aware of it and thus t he new generation just follows and reads what the sunnis and shites have provided which leads to less variation between language use. According to western thinking, Islamic women are suppose be covered at all times and just working at home at all times. Addition that it is also interpreted that Islam does not have any women right and that they are always under mens authority.To change such concepts from the peoples mind and show them the true role and Islamic women has, many educated Omani women wanted to take the advantage of knowing English language to tell and explain the other societies what they do not know about them. They would like to share why they believe in Islam and what they see as the real message behind the religion. They expressed concern over how the media is delivering a distorted picture of Islam and over the lack of awareness about the prophet Mohamed, his life, and his morals. Jabur,2008) In conclusion I think that there has been number of language changes in Om an in many aspects. In Arabic itself and the use of English language all over the country is the main change one can notice in this society. Oman as a country is very much stable, compared to other Middle Eastern countries and is developing in various ways which gives the people of Oman the opportunity to learn and diversify themselves more. The importance of education in this country will surely make Oman stand out and this shows the beginning of a successful nation.However we can say that this is just the beginning and in future we are likely to see more language changes in this society due to more exposure the people will get and the recent boom in tourism. More influences from different societies will occur and Oman will be an impressive cosmopolitan society. As I was conducting my research on this paper I also realized that not many research and studies have been performed on Oman, which indirectly shows that a lot more is yet to be discovered and can be learned from this natio n. I expect that the English language will be the dominate language in Oman within a few decades.Sadly to say, the Arabic language might lose its users, its elegance, and its influence on the Arabic culture and individuals, but English might help them in overcoming their obstacles and constraints. (Jabour,2008). This last statement leaves the reader with a thought provoking feeling that maybe the country which is known to keep its tradition and values intact is losing its official language while on the quest of developing as and educated society. On a personal note I disagree as living in this society I strongly believe that Omanis, no matter how educated or modern they get will always remember their mother tongue and

India a Global Economic Super Power Essay

New parts of the macrocosm that were not long past considered undeveloped, backwater countries, argon now taking center stage in the global thrift. Much has been publicized nigh the ascendance of Chinas economy, as it has become a major venue for the manufacturing of products sought later on by worldwide consumers eager for cheaper goods. However, Chinas Asian neighbor, India, to a fault has a vigorously maturation economy. Indias economy is partly being fueled by companies around the world seeking to muffle their damages by outsourcing some of their operations there.A March 9, two hundred5 oblige in the International forecast Tribune reported that within 30 years, India is projected to yield the worlds third largest economy and to a greater extent(prenominal) people than China. Russell DSouza, International Credit & Risk Manager for Hallmark International, pointed out that India implemented modern, individualistic economic reforms in the early 1990s that atomic number 18 producing positive results. The Tribune article reported that Prime subgenus Pastor Manmohan Singh, who as Finance Minister championed these reforms, proposed major investments in his first budget for education, modernizing Indias colonial-era infrastructure, and lowering tariffs.DSouza also noted India has modernized its banking regulations. India has liberalized its laws to allow foreign banks to take over branches. Local Indian one-on-one banks are allowed to trammel up foreign bank branches. The banking rules have been liberalized considerably. The CIA World Factbooks website estimates that by July 2005, Indias population lead be slightly fewer than 1. 1 billion, of nearly 16 portion of the worlds population, not far behind Chinas, which is projected to be 1. 3 billion.Market empower PRI, a blood line radio program, reported on March 14, 2005 that a recent economic analyze predicted India would grow at 7 percent this year. However, the report went on to assert that m any economic analysts ordinate that India needs to improve its infrastructure. DSouza, who grew up in India but now lives in the U. S, amazed the problems India has with the fall behind state of much of its infrastructure. Youve got an infrastructure that is woeful. Its one of Indias biggest Achilles heels.Its worse than Chinas. near the sheer size of its suppuration middle class provides a huge potential grocery for India-based companies. DSouza verbalize the size of Indias middle class is over 200 one thousand one thousand thousand people. Consumer goods are exploding in India. There are people with cash alike(p) Ive never seen before. Indias geopolitical immensity and stature are growing too. U. S. foreign insurance officials view India, with its strategic location, as an important counter-balance to the growing political and military power of China.U. S. Secretary of State Condoleezza Rice began a six-nation tour of Asia in India on March 16. An article that same da y in the Tribune noted that analysts in Delhi viewed her stop there as a positive sign the United States was eager to underline Indias increasing importance on the U. S. foreign policy agenda. Talks between Rice and Singh focused on defense and military cooperation, economy and trade and synergies in energy and environmental protection. India possesses some advantages that make it especially suited to provide less(prenominal) expensive business serve for companies. China, on the other hand, has excelled in the manufacture of cheaper products. The two main advantages for India is that it has an estimated 200 million people who speak English and also a world-class education system. India is a bilingualist country, DSouza verbalise. He noted this is a byproduct of its former status as a British colony. It has an advantage over China, he said, in that respect.The educational system in India has produced a momentous name of chartered accountants, doctors, MBAs, lawyers, research an alysts and other master copys, many of whom will work in India for much less than their professional counterparts in the U. S. and atomic number 63. Alok Aggarwal, Co-founder of Evalueserve, which offers business intelligence, market research and intellectual property services to clients in North America, Europe and Asia, noted there are two types of services offered on an outsourced basis. Business Process Outsourcing, or BPO, involves more than routine processing of data.Ravi Aron, Professor of operations and information management at the University of Pennsylvanias Wharton School, said examples of BPO involve more routine functions where there is a predefined way of doing tasks or even reaching conclusions, as in data entry, accounts maintenance and customer service activities such as those performed at call centers. BPOs typically provide such services as setting up bank accounts, selling an insurance policy and voice and e-mail-based computer support. Aggarwal said that a hi gher Level of service than BPO is called Knowledge Process Outsourcing or KPO.KPO involves high-end processes such as investment research and Legal and insurance claims processing. In a March 21, 2005 article in the India clocks News lucre, Pavan Bagai, Vice President, strategic businesses, EXL said, Imagine unsorted data going through and through a black box and coming out as useful information. In KPOs the black box is your mind. There is no predefined process to reach a conclusion. In either BPO or KPO, India often offers a huge cost nest egg potential over those functions being performed by American workers in the U. S.Aron said that in credit card-related functions, the cost of an American worker, including benefits and overhead, ranges from $48-55 per hour small-arm in India, those costs are further $18-24. A report by Hay Associates estimated that the fully burdened costs of an accounting clerk in Stamford, CT, is $69 per hour, while in Bangalore, India it is $4 per hour. (Though Alok disputes that number saying that currently the loaded costs in Bangalore would be $7-$8 per hour the cost differential is still staggering. ) French & Associates reported that a $50,000 U.S. clerical worker would cost only $10,000 in India and would be a top graduate. This huge gap in employee direct and indirect costs is even more dramatic with KPO services.When you go with high-end work thats when the zippy gets interesting, Aron said. He said employee costs per hour for an equity research analyst in the U. S. would range from $230-$250 while in India it would only be nearly $30. Should you find it suitable to relocate, (to one of the countries that offers much cheaper employee costs) you will experience huge savings, Aron said. If you weigh al the labor cost difference there is a 5-1 to 8-1 cost factor, added Aggarwal, whose self-coloured actually provides equity research and investment banking research services. American doctors are very hard running(a)but th ey dont work five ms harder than Indian doctors. The March 21 Indiatimes Network article reported that India, with its knowledge base and lower costs, will be leading the pack in the race for KPO business. The article referred to a report by Evalueserve that India will capture more than 70 percent of the KPO territory by 2010. Indias software trade body reported that export revenues from software outsourcing will reach $17. 3 billion in the fiscal year ending March 2005. In a presentation by Marc Vollenweider, President and CEO of Evalueserve, it was projected that by 2010 India will have about 1. 1 million people employed in BPO. According to Vollenweider, U. S. companies may be compelled to outsource due to his labor of a labor shortage. According to his figures, by fiscal year 2010, the U. S. is projected to experience a shortage of 5. 4 million workers. In that same timespan, the U. Ks shortfall is projected to be . million workers.Vollenweiders presentation concluded that, Global Sourcing has become an economic imperative for the developed nations to maintain and stand up their historical and current growth. Offshoring IT and BPO services to low-wage destinations provides a viable solution to developed nations who are struggling against the significant shortage of skilled labor. Evalueserve projects that by 2010 India will have 820,000 employed in low-end BPO services generating total revenues of USD 18 billion and 250,000 workers employed in high-end KPO services generating USD 12 billion. A number of major U.S. -based corporations have set up operations in India or have outsourced certain business services to Indian firms.A report by French & Associates indicated India has become a venue for major development centers for IBM and Microsoft. Major corporations like Ford, JP Morgan Chase and HP are currently setting up operations there. General Electric, however, probably has employ the manpower resources of India more extensively than any other majo r American Corporation. GEs sake in India began in September 1989, according to a front-page, March 23, 2005, The Wall Street Journal article.Al that time, then-CEO Jack Welch flew to India for a sales meeting to sell products to India. During that stop in India, Welch met with Indian government officials who sky him the idea of having some of his companys needs provided by its emerging high-tech sector. Today, The WSJ article pointed out, India earns more than $17 billion from corporations worldwide seeking low-cost overseas talent Although GE is hesitant about taking credit for a trend that has taken many American jobs overseas, most corporate observers jeer GE played a major role in the outsourcing boom.The WSJ article further noted that in 1995, GE created GE Capital International Services, now known as Gecis, to handle backway work and market analysis. In 1999 Gecis established the first international call center in India and in 2000 GE capable a research center in Bangal ore to tap the skills of Indian engineers. The WSJ article reported that in November 2004, GE sold a controlling interest in Gecis and now the company will seek business from other companies. French & Associates estimated that GE had 5,000 FTEs (full-time equivalents) in India in 2000.That number grew to 12,000 FTEs by the end of 2003. The WSJ article also reported that in 2000, GE opened the Jack F. Welch Technology Center in Bangalore that employs thousands of researchers working on everything from new refrigerators to jet engines. A recent GE report indicated the company plans to spend about $600 million this year on computer-software development from Indian companies. Val Venable, CCE, Credit Manager for GE Advanced Materials, in bring up to GEs outsourcing efforts in India, said, We certainly have been a major player.For our company and a potbelly of companies, youre always looking for quality suppliers at low cost. It makes business sense to do it. Venable, who communicat e in India in late March during a five-week business trip there, said that her operations are split between the U. S. and India. Part of my collections team sits in the U. S. and some of it is in India. She said that employee allocation between that in the U. S. and India is proportional to the workload. If I have 70 percent of my people in India, I look to have 70 percent of my work there.My people in the U. S. have a lot more credit experience, so they do a lot of the credit decisions. In Venables case, even though GE does not wholly own Gecis anymore, it has not changed her operations. My relationship with my team has not changed. We work unneurotic and we have sub-teams. For our credit and collections teams we didnt see a difference. My people from the India and the U. S. have been trained the same. The cost savings of operations in India arent just confined to personnel expenses Venable said. Its not just the cost of the people.Over here I have different IT costs and I have different procreation costs. She acknowledged that many Indian employees are well educated and enthusiastic about their work. Theres a huge emphasis on education here. Its their first experience in business. On the issue that some Americans have complained about not being able to understand customer services representatives in India, Venable said, Some of my team have fairly strong accents, but have you ever called Texas of multiple sclerosis? They have accents too.We usually work on that. Thats part of the service to the customers. An unavoidable drawback Venable mentioned of outsourced services emanating from India to American consumers is, If youre going to have a team in India, theres a time zone difference. She said the time zone difference between India and the U. S. is 9. 5 hours and 4. 5 hours between India and the U. K. She san the time zone difference actually has not been a major problem for her operations. The areas around the call centers are becoming a 24-hour cul ture. Probably in the next 20 years were going to have virtual offices and it wont matter where people sit. Does everybody need to sit in the same room? Probably not.