Legal philosophy Essay

The crucial element lies in channeling the guilty to legal expert but for that to happen, it has to be determined first who is guilty and who is not, not ripe in terms of who committed the crime, but whether a certain military action and the consequences of it f whole under the category of crime at all, and under what criteria. in that location is a great scope of ambiguity and fuzziness here. The battle in the midst of solid and evil reassurems to have been going on for all the time, and heretofore good and evil are highly relative terms. There hold up no clear-cut distinctions, no separate black and white segments.In many ways, good and evil constitute a messy flux, and savage nicety system is needed to sort these things out on a continual basis. Law, with the moral and legal philosophy underlying it, directs the criminal justice system in this complex task of determining good from evil, the slump from the wrong, as well as the right from the good. These laws are not tranquil and fixed entities, they can and do change with time legal philosophy is constantly evolving. Our perceptions and interpretations of the good and the right need to be reconsidered from time to time.The current struggle is to evolve a society that is more firmly ground on justice and easydom. Justice requires that each citizen have an equal and sportsmanlike starting position in respect of the physical necessities, educational opportunities, and drill opportunities. And the article of faith of deliverdom requires that the government not force a maven conception of the good upon several(prenominal)s, but simply guarantee that individualists are free to pursue their unlike goods as they perceive them (Garner 2005).The survivals freely made smoothen a variety of views of what is good. Human beings are whimsically individual personalities, indue with immense potentiality for mental and spiritual growth. The role of society lies in being caring and tolerant about the individual and the differences in the unique individualities of plenty, and displaying a commitment to respect all its members who are in the lick of cultivating their freedom and realizing their potentiality.It is not the governments business or right to determine what is good, but only to guarantee justice and freedom of choice to individuals. The guarantee of justice and freedom of choice will protect individuals pursuits of their various private conceptions of the good. In this way, the government ensures The greatest good for the greatest number, the principle on which utilitarianism is founded (Penslar 1995). Each individual is free to pursue his or her let conception of the good life, as long as it does not bring harm to otherwises.The government should be neutral as to the conceptions of the good life, in order to respect persons as free and independent agents of action, capable of choosing their bear ends. For example, the good lies in the fact of each individual being free to follow a religion or belief system of his witness choice, or not to follow any should he choose to. Unfortunately, this check out is very likely to be violated in modern cosmea where fundamentalism is gaining ground everyday.If we take the United States, for example, three things are happening 1) evangelistic Christianity is spreading like wild fire The Evangelical Christian political campaign is the fastest maturement segment of American religion with 42% of all Christians in America identifying themselves as Evangelicals (Cobia 2007) 2) as is common knowledge, the government is growing more powerful and centralized, and 3) a very high percentage of people in the government, including the president himself, are fundamentalist evangelical Christians (McMahon 2006).In such(prenominal) a scenario, it is very likely that, in the near future, basic individual freedom to choose his or her own would be breached and fundamentalism be enforce as a state-sponsored religion . When that happens, the theory of evolution will be outside from textbooks and Biblical doctrine of creationism taught in its place.Science would stagnate, progress would stop, and humanity whitethorn slip back to dark ages. Upon considering such a possibility, we can see how ensuring individual freedom to determine ones own good is conducive to the good of the society as a whole, promotes progress and enlightens humanity. When individual freedom is lost, be it in religion or any other sphere of life, the spirit of humanity starts dying.

How My Brother Leon Brought Home a Wife Essay

My crony Leon was returning to Nagrebcan from far away(predicate) Manila, pitch home his young bride who had been born and had grown up in the capacious city. begin would non accept her for a daughter-in-law unless he taught her worthy to exist in Nagrebcan. Father devised an ingenious way to find out, and waited for the result. She stepped down from the carretela of Ca Celin with a quick, delicate grace. She was enjoyly. She was tall. She sorted up to my fellow with a smile, and her supercilium was on a level with his mouth You are Baldo. She said and placed her heap lightly on my shoulder.Her nails were long, just they were non painted. She was fragrant exchangeable a sunup when papayas are in bloom. And a small dimple appeared momently high up on her cheek. And this is Labang, of whom I cast run into heard so much(prenominal). She held the wrist of iodine hand with the other and looked at Labang, and Labang never stop manduction his cud. He swallowed and b rought up to his mouth more cud, and the sound of his inner(a) was the likes of a drum. I laid a hand on Labangs massive discern and said to her You may scratch his forehead now. She hesitated and I saw that her eyes were on the long curving horns. exclusively she came and touched Labangs forehead with her long fingers, and Labang never stop chewing his cud except that his volumed eyes were half closed. And by and by, she was slit his forehead very daintly. My blood associate Leon put down the two shorts on the grassy side of the data track. He paid Ca Celin doubly the usual fare from the station to the edge of Nagrebcan. Then he was rest beside us, and she false to him eagerly. I watched Ca Celin, where he stood in front of his horse, and he ran his fingers through its forelock and could non keep his eyes away from her. female horse my sidekick Leon said.Read moreHow My Brother Leon Brought Home a wife by Manuel Arguilla EssayHe did not say Maring. He did not say Mayang. I knew then that he had always called her Maria and in my mind I said, Maria, and it was a beautiful clear. Yes,Noel Now where did she get under ones skin that name? I pondered the matter quietly to myself, thinking Father might not like it. But it was only the name of my brother Leon said gamewards, and it sounded much better that way. There is Nagrebcan, Maria my brother said gesturing abundantly toward the west. She move close to him. And after a while she said quietly You love Nagrebcan, take int you, Noel?Ca Celin drove away hi-yi-ing to his horse garishly. At the bend of the camino existing where the big duhat tree grew, he rattled the h denudegrip of his braided rattan whip against the mouths of the wheel. We stood alone on the roadside. The sun was in our eyes, for it was dipping into the bright sea. The sky was wide deep and very blue higher up us just along the saw-tooth rim of the Katayaghan hills to the southwest flamed huge peck of clouds. Before us the fields swam in a golden fogginess through which floated big purple and red and yellow bubbles when I looked at the sinking sun.Labangs whiten coat, which I had washed and brushed that morning with coconut husk, glistened like beaten cotton under the lamplight and his horns appeared tipped with fire. He faced the sun and from his mouth came a call so loud and vibrant that the earth makemed to tremble underfoot. And far way in the spirit of the fields a cow lowed soflty in answer. Hitch him to the coerce, Baldo, my brother Leon said, express feelings and she laughed with him a bit uncertainly, and I saw he had put his munition around her shoulders. Why does he make that sound? she asked. I hire never heard the like of it. There is not another like it, my brother Leon said. I have yet to hear another fuzz call like Labang. In all the world there is no other bull like him. She was smiling at him, and I stopped in the act of tying the vinca across Labangs neck to the oppo site end of the yoke, because her teeth was very white, her eyes were so just of jest, and there was a small dimple high up on her right cheek. If you continue to talk about him like that, either I shall fall in love with him or become very jealous. My brother Leon laughed and she laughed and they looked at each other and it seemed to me there was a world of laughter between them and in them.I climbed into the hang back over the wheel and Labang would have bolted for he was always like that, scarcely I kept incorruptible hold on his rope. He was restless and would not stand still. , so that ny brother Leon had to say Labang again, my brother Leon lifted the trunks into the cart, placing the smaller one on top. She looked down once on her high heeled shoes, then she gave her left(p) hand to my brother Leon, placed a foot on the hub of the wheel, and in one breath she had swung into the cart.Oh, the fragrance of her But Labang was fairly dancing with restlessness and it was a ll I could do to keep him from running away. Give us the rope, Baldo, my brother Leon said. Maria , set on the hay and hold on to anything. Then he put a foot on the left shaft and that instant Labang leaped forward. My brother Leon laughed as he drew himself up to the top of the side of the cart and do the slack of the rope doll above the back of Labang. The wind whistled against my cheeks and the rattling of the wheels on the pebbly road echoed in my ears. She sat up straight on the bottom of the cart, legs dead set(p) unneurotic to one side, her skirt spread over them so that only the toes and the heels of her shoes were visible.Her eyes were on my brother Leons back I saw the wind on her hair. When Labang slowed down, my brother Leon handed me the rope. I knelt on the straw inside the cart and pulled on the rope until Labang was merely shamble along, then I made him turn around. What is it you have forgotten now, Baldo? my brother Leon said. I did not say anything but ti ckled with my fingers the rump of Labang and away we went back to where I had in hitched and waited for them. The sun had sunk and down from the wooded sides of the Katayaghan hills shadows were stealing into the fields.When I sent Labang down the deep cut that would take us to the dry bed of the Waig, which could be used as a path to our place during the dry season, my brother Leon laid a hand on my shoulder and said sternly Who told you to drive through the fields this night? His hand was heavy on my shoulder, but I did not look at him or utter a word until we were on the rocklike bottom of the Waig. Baldo, you fool, answer me before I lay the rope of Labang on you. Why do you follow the Waig instead of the Camino real? His fingers bit into my shoulder.Father- he told me to follow the Waig tonight, Manong. Swiftly his hand fell away from my shoulder and he reached for the rope of Labang. Then my brother Leon laughed, and he sat back, and laughing still, he said And I suppose Fat her also told you to hitch Labang to the cart and assume us with him instead of the Castano and the calesa. Without waiting forn me to answer, he turned to her and said, Maria, wherefore do you think Father should do that, now? He laughed and added, consecrate you ever seen so many stars before? I looked back and they were sit down side by side, leaning against the trunks, hands clasped across the knees.Seemingly but a mans height above the tops of the suck up banks of the Waig, hung the stars. But in the deep gorge the shadows had fallen heavily, and even the white of Labangs coat was chirped from their homes in the cracks in the banks. The thick, unpleasant smell of dangla bushes and cool sun-heated earth mingled with the clean, sharp scent of arrais roots exposed to the night air and of the hay inside the cart. Look, Noel, yonder is our star Deep surprise and happiness were in her translator. Very low in the west, almost touching the rag edge of the bank, was the sta r, the biggest and brightest in the sky.I have been looking at it, my brother Leon said. Do you remember how I would tell you that when you want to see stars you mustinessiness come to Nagrebcan? . Yes, Noel, she said. Look at it she murmured, half to herself. It is so many measure bigger than it was at Ermita beach. The air here is clean and free of broadcast smoke. So it is Noel, she said,drawing a long breath. Making fun of me, Maria? She laughed then, and they laughed together and she took my brother Leons hand and put it against her face. I stopped Labang, climbed down, and lighted the lantern that hung from the cart, and my heart sang.Now the shadows took fright and did not crowd so near. Clumps of andadasi and arias flashed into check and quickly disappeared as we overhauled by. Ahead, the elongated shadow of Labang bobbled up and down and swayed drunkenly from side to side, for the lantern rocked jerkily with the cart. Have we far to go yet, Noel? she asked. Ask Bal do, my brother Leon said,we have been neglecting him. I am asking you, Baldo,she said. Without looking back, I answered, plectron my words slowly Soon we will get out of the Waig and pass into the fields. After the fields is home Manang. So near already. I did not say anything more, because I did not know what to make of the tone of her theatrical role as she said her last words. All the laughter seemed to have kaput(p) out of her. I waited for my brother Leon to say something, but he was not saying anything. Suddenly he broke out into nervous strain and the song was Sky Sown with Stars the same that he and puzzle sang when he cut hay in the fields of nights before he went away to study. He must have taught her the song because she joined him, and her voice flowed into him like a gentle stream meeting a stronger one.And each age the wheel encountered a big rock, a voice would catch in her throat, but my brother Leon would sing on, until, laughing softly, she would join him ag ain. Then we were move up out into the fields, and through the spokes of the wheels the light of the lantern mocked the shadows. Labang quickened his steps. The jolting became more frequent and nasty as we crossed the low dikes. But it is so very wide here, she said. The light of the stars broke and scattered the darkness so that one could see far on every side, though indistinctly. You miss the houses, and the cars, and the people and the noise, dont you? My brother Leon stopped singing. Yes, but in a diametric way. I am glad they are not here. With difficulty, I turned Labang to the left, for he wanted to go straight on. He was breathing hard, but I knew he was more thirsty than tired. In a petty(a) while , we drove up the grassy side onto the camino real. -you see, my brother Leon was explaining, the camino real curves around the foot of the Katayaghan hills and passes by our house. We drove through the fields, because- but Ill be asking father as soon as we get home Noel, s he said. Yes, Maria. I am afraid. He may not like me. Does that worry you still, Maria? my brother said. From the way you talk, he might be an ogre, for all the world. Except when his leg that was wounded in the revolution is deplorable him, Father is the mildest tempered, gentlest man I know. We came to the house of Lacay Julian and I spoke to Labang loudly, but Moning did not come to the window, so I surmised she must be eating with the rest of her family. And I thought of the food being made ready at home and my mouth watered.We met the twins, Urong and Celin, and I said Hoy, barter them by name. And they yelled back and asked if my brother Leon and his wife were with me. And my brother Leon shouted to them and then told me to make Labang run their answers were lost in the noise of the wheels. I stopped Labang on the road before our house and would have gotten down, but my brother Leon took the rope and told me to stay in the cart. He turned Labang into the unresolved gat e and we dashed into our yard. I thought we would crash into the bole of the manila tamarind tree, but my brother Leon reined in Labang in time.There was light ground-floor in the kitchen, and arrest stood in the doorway, and I could see her smiling shyly. My brother Leon was helping Maria over the wheel. The first words that fell from his lips after he had kissed Mothers hand were Father where is he? He is in his room upstairs, Mother said, her face becoming serious. His leg is bothering him again. I did not hear anything more because I had to go back to the cart to unhitch Labang. But I had hardly tied him under the vitamin B complex when I heard Father calling me. I met my brother Leon going away to bring up the trunks.As I passed through the kitchen, there were Mother and my sister Aurelia and Maria, and it seemed to me they were crying, all of them. There was no light in Fathers room. There was no movement. He sat in the big armchair by the eastern window, and a star shon e directly though it. He was smoking, but he removed the roll of baccy from his mouth when he saw me. He laid it carefully on the windowsill before speaking. Did you meet anybody on the way? No, Father, I said. Nobody passes through the Waig at night. He reached for his roll of tobacco and hitched himself up in the chair.She is very beautiful, Father. Was she afraid of Labang? My father had not raised his voice, but the room seemed to resound with it. And again I saw her eyes on the long curving horns and the arm off my brother Leon around her shoulders. No, Father, she was not afraid. On the way-She looked at the stars, Father And Manong Leon sang. What did he sing? Sky Sown with Stars. She sang with him. He was silent again. I could hear the low voices of Mother and my sister Aurelia downstairs. There was also the voice of my brother Leon, and I thought that Fathers voice must have been like it when he was young.He had laid the roll of tobacco on the windowsill once more. I watched the smoke waver faintly up(a) from the lighted end and vanish slowly into the night outside. The door undetermined and my brother Leon and Maria came in. Have you watered Labang? Father spoke to me. I told him that Labang was resting yet under the barn. It is time you watered him, my son. My father said. I looked at Maria and she was lovely. She was tall. Beside my brother Leon, she was tall and very still. Then I went out, and in the darkened hall the fragrance of her was like a morning when papayas are in bloom.

Rehabilitation Paper Essay

As I am told to write this reclamation paper and to quote a definition, I understand that reclamation fundamentally is a word of hope in the prisoner life not only for prisoners but as well for the selected individuals that reach out to make prisoners better members of social club. So, with that being said, my definition for replacement is as follows the idea or sentiment of do a prisoner better. The purpose of rehabilitation is almost with no form. Its supposed to correct or bring an end to criminals defame doing so that criminal offenders can emerge as useful members of society. The staple fibre idea derived from the idea that a person who has been incarcerated will never ask to be sent back to prison after they have been determine free. Well, as we can see that is not the case. Most prisoners go finished these rehabilitation programs and atomic number 18 released and just as soon as they are released go back to the way they were before and become criminal offenders a nd prisoners again. The origins of rehabilitation focused on forcing an inmate to consider both the error of his or her ways, the gravity of the crime committed, and why good conduct and further scheme of crime would be beneficial. The initial origins of the penitentiary were created by the Quakers, and reinforced by religious fervor for a black and white application of the law.What the Quakers believed in was penance, the suffering of punishment inducing the prisoner to express sorrow for his sins and to telephone to do good to make up for his evil acts-social change found on the religious transformation that took place within the penitentiary. The penitentiary was a place for penitents to do penance. This was intended to take place in isolation, as one might meditate alone in ones room (Foster, 2006). Rehabilitation affects the prisoners as well as general society because its supposed to make prisoners more acceptable in society. These programs strive to make criminals better c itizens with this being said, criminals as less likely to be an oppose threat to other citizens or members of the general society. I stand for that you can improve rehabilitation by starting rehabilitation as soon as a prisoners become a prisoner and making better choices on what types of programs that will help prisoners personally and individually. I destine that rehabilitation can make a big difference in prison as well as having prisoners go through rehabilitation when they are released too.ReferencesFoster, B. (2006) Corrections The fundamentals. Upper Saddle River.NJ Prentice Hall.

The Da Vinci Code PROLOGUE

Louvre Museum, genus Paris 1046 P. M.Renowned curator Jacques Sauniere staggered through the vaulted archway of the museums Grand G entirelyery. He lunged for the nearest painting he could see, a Caravaggio. Grabbing the princely frame, the seventy-six-year-old man heaved the masterpiece toward himself until it tore from the wall and Sauniere collapsed backward in a heap beneath the canvas.As he had anticipated, a thundering press gate reprehensible nearby, barricading the entrance to the suite. The parquet floor shook. Far off, an alarm clock began to ring.The curator lay a moment, gasping for breath, taking stock. I am cool it alive.He crawled out from under the canvas and scanned the cavernous space for virtuallyplace to hide.A voice spoke, chillingly close. Do not move.On his give and knees, the curator froze, play his head slowly.Only fifteen feet away, outside the sealed gate, the mountainous project of his assaulter stared through the iron proscribe. He was broad a nd tall, with ghost-pale skin and turn white hair. His irises were pink with dark red pupils. The albino drew a handgun from his coat and aimed the barrel through the bars, directly at the curator. You should not retain run. His accent was not easy to place. Now tell me where it is.I told you already, the curator stammered, kneeling defenseless on the floor of the gallery. I keep back no idea what you are talking aboutYou are lying. The man stared at him, perfectly immobile except for the glint in his ghostly eyes. You and your brethren bear something that is not yours.The curator matte up a surge of adrenaline. How could he perchance know this?Tonight the rightful guardians will be restored. Tell me where it is hidden, and you will live. The man leveled his gun at the curators head. Is it a secret you will divulge for?Sauniere could not breathe.The man tilted his head, peering down the barrel of his gun.Sauniere held up his hands in defense. Wait, he said slowly. I will tel l you what you demand to know. The curator spoke his next words carefully. The lie he told was unmatched he had rehearsed many times each time praying he would neer have to use it.When the curator had finished speaking, his assailant grind smugly. Yes. This is exactly what the others told me.Sauniere recoiled. The others?I found them, too, the huge man taunted. All three of them. They confirmed what you have just said.It cannot be The curators true identity, along with the identities of his three senechaux, was nigh as sacred as the ancient secret they protected. Sauniere now realized his senechaux, following(a) strict procedure, had told the same lie beforehand their own deaths. It was part of the protocol.The attacker aimed his gun again. When you are g matchless, I will be the except one who knows the truth.The truth.In an instant, the curator grasped the true horror of the situation. If I die, the truth will be lost forever.Instinctively, he tried to scramble for cover.T he gun roared, and the curator felt a searing heat as the bullet lodged in his stomach. He fell forward struggling against the pain. Slowly, Sauniere rolled over and stared back through the bars at his attacker.The man was now taking dead aim at Saunieres head.Sauniere closed his eyes, his thoughts a swirling tempest of fear and regret. The click of an empty sleeping accommodation echoed through the corridor. The curators eyes flew open.The man glanced down at his weapon, looking al roughly amused. He reached for a second clip, but then seemed to reconsider, smirking calmly at Saunieres gut. My work here is done.The curator looked down and saw the bullet maw in his white linen shirt. It was framed by a low-pitched circle of blood a few inches below his breastbone. My stomach.Almost cruelly, the bullet had miss his heart. As a veteran of la Guerre dAlgerie, the curator had witnessed this horribly lengthened death before. For fifteen minutes, he would survive as his stomach acids se eped into his titty cavity, slowly poisoning him from within.Pain is good, monsieur, the man said. Then he was gone. only now, Jacques Sauniere turned his gaze again to the iron gate. He was trapped, and the doors could not be reopened for at least twenty minutes. By the time anyone got to him, he would be dead. Even so, the fear that now gripped him was a fear far greater than that of his own death.I must pass on the secret.Staggering to his feet, he pictured his three murdered brethren. He thought of the generations who had come before them of the mission with which they had all been entrusted.An unbroken chain of knowledge.Suddenly, now, disdain all the precautions despite all the fail-safes Jacques Sauniere was the only remain link, the sole guardian of one of the most powerful secrets ever kept.Shivering, he pulled himself to his feet.I must find some way .He was trapped inside the Grand Gallery, and there existed only one person on earth to whom he could pass the torch. Sa uniere gazed up at the walls of his opulent prison. A collection of the worlds most famous paintings seemed to smile down on him like old friends.Wincing in pain, he summoned all of his faculties and strength. The desperate task before him, he knew, would require every remaining second of his life.

Analysis of the Carlsberg Advertisements

Analysis of Carlsberg Advertisements Cultural differences and similarities between Denmark and majuscule Britain Consumer Behaviour RSM353 Chernenko Kirill The following inquiry of British and danish versions of printed advertisements of Carlsberg beer is to determine subprogram of culture in advertizing and comp are and contrast how the same brand is advertised in dissimilar cultures. I. Danish printed advertisement The poster shows 4 men in the wood having conversation and smiling, meanwhile every nonpareil has a bottle in a hand.The stage setting shows the connection to wild nature large green trees together with louvre f wholeow dears, a magpie, a fox and a pheasant. The men encounter been hunt club, possibly, and decided to take a break. The idea is to illustrate a indorsement of relaxation and enjoyment of Carlsberg beer in a good company. The slogan Vores ol brygget pa det bedste vi har (Our beer. Brewed from the best we have) at the bottom, involves different prod uct characteristics. The first break-dance Vores ol awakes the awareness of Danes, because their traditional beer connects people in Denmark.Per contra, the final part focuses on quality of a beverage, which worth to go track down. The stunt woman and the content of a schoolbook stripe prepares a unified whole. The advertisement illustrates the traditional fabrication of inebriation beer since hunting is an old tradition and according to the textbook concussion Only 11% of the Danish hunters are hunting to hunt which implies fond interaction with friends. And, therefore, the social belonging to that particular group is related to drinking beer.Furtherto a greater extent, Carlsberg beer can be seen as a reward for hard-working work out, going beyond the beverage and highlighting old traditional values which express the hunting myth. In addition, a humor takes special place in this print. Relaxed hunters are surrounded by animals, walking nearby very close. It seems that a nimals are non afraid of intruders. The beer is no longer just a beer. It builds residential area and symmetry between the people, and also between the animals. This is a signal of weak unbelief avoidance in Denmark.Carlsberg beer provides relaxing atmosphere and sense of peace as well as hygge (fun on Danish). Moreover, the poster represents the everyday culture, playing on the symbolic associations. Consequently, Carlsberg intends to tell a true story nearly the genuine product. Denmark is a very individualistic culture where independence is very important. Nevertheless, the Danish advertisement (the slogan Vores ol) contradicts individualism. Instead, the advertisement drives towards fabianism.It turns out that Danes are double-standard people they commemorate distance from other(a) people, sit down alone in public tour while they pursue the sense of belonging, seeking community involvement. Ultimately, Denmark is categorized as a low-context culture. That means that additional information and reasoning is required. Although this poster does non provide explicit argumentation apart from slogan and little text box. In my opinion, information given is sufficient enough to deliver the subject matter to Danish consumer. II. British printed advertisementUK version demonstrates 2 juvenility men sitting on a terrace of a luxury house with a sea view and two beautiful young women in the minimise The woman standing next to swimming pool is showered by a defame above. Next to her is another young woman, who is lying in the sun with a rainbow over her body. Aforesaid young men are two smiling and holding a bottle of beer. There is a snowing cloud between them, which keeps the beer on the table refrigerated. Perhaps, they talk to each other, sharing opinions and ideas about everything behind them, which is not realistic.It can be assumed that the man on the left is telling about his fantasy (which is the actual background of a print). This flight of imagination is correlated with a text box Carlsberg dont do the bear, but if we did it would probably be the best weather in the instauration. I will interpret it this way Carlsberg is already producing the best beer in the piece if only Carlsberg made weather, it would also be the best in the world. The informal contradiction dont is used to make the text ordinary, which links to the fact that Carlsberg beer is an everyday beer for any event, any time.According to this ad, the best weather is summertime, beautiful ladies either taking shower of rain or sunbathing and frozen Carlsberg beer with a snowing cloud above. This idealistic lifestyle theorises the fantasies and desires of younger audience, which is the actual level population. This unrealistic weather is not only a castle in the sky, a dream, but also a myth of success which implies luxury, proficient weather and exclusive alcoholic beverages. Young men stylish habiliments and beautiful beach house proves that link .British small power distance is open in this poster by the use of four independent young people who are able to make ideals in countries, where individualism is exceedingly valued. Beer-drinking culture in is also manifested in this advertisement. In Great Britain beer is a social drink, it is not consumed alone, it should be shared in a company. and like in Denmark, British are double-standard people individualistic community seekers. Overstatement in slogan Probably the best beer in the world is a sign of masculine cultures, it is often used.The features of the product related to luxury and high status is another a signal of masculinity. On the other hand, slogan also has an understatement probably which represent feminine values. Weak irresolution avoidance can be noticed in text box focused on what the product does rather than what it can. And again, if Carlsberg could modify the weather it would be just as good as their beer. Communication style is more high-context than l ow-context. This is caused by the indirect, implicit message the viewer have to understand (metaphor snowing clouds performs the role of refrigerator). III.Cultural Differences and Similarities The above analysis of Carlsberg advertisements of Denmark and United Kingdom illustrates how dominant cultural values, believes and norms reflect the style and content of particular print. There are some characteristics in common while there are a few differences. In the first place, both advertisements involves myths. However, British one provides the myth of success, whereas Danish ad is linked to old Dane traditional values such as hunting and social interaction. Secondly, in both posters beer-drinking culture is related to social process and relaxing activity.The Denmark version possess harmony, peace and community while British focal point is high quality and exclusive luxury. Thirdly, both Denmark and Great Britain advertisements are high-context despite the fact that both countries are classified as low-context. Text boxes are not that informative such as the image scenario. Although Danish ad is more symbolic meanwhile British one has more high-context communication. Last but not least, in both prints all characters are smiling, expressing the joy and satisfaction. This is a distinctive feature of strong dubiousness avoidance cultures.On top of that, both countries are double-standard combining individualism with collectivism (as previously mentioned individualistic community seekers). Still, UK ad demonstrates more signs of highly individualistic values Appendix A Danish printed advertisement, 1999 Only 11% of the Danish hunters are hunting to hunt There is intelligence that can create intense peace as the taste of the original Carlsberg humble exclusively from flowers of the hemp plant Our beer. Brewed from the best we have Appendix B British printed advertisement, 2007

PROBLEM SET Monetary policy Essay

1. What impact will an unanticipated increase in the funds hang on have on the real interest ordinate, real siding, and conflict in the pitiable stay? How will expansionary pecuniary policy advert these factors in the long run? Explain.The specie supply in an parsimony is the benchmark by which interest rates are determined. The supply of coin is directly tied into the do of capital that contribute be loaned and arrogateed in various capacities. The more(prenominal)(prenominal) cash there is to loan, the less expensive it is to borrow that money. This is be commence when there is an increase in the money supply, the demand for that money fluctuates as well. This causes an increase in the overall amount of money being ex miscellanyd, and in turn, also causes a reduction in the real interest rate. The decrease in the interest rate also affects the frugal appeal of domestically produced approximates and services. This causes increased economic activity and the incre ase of real output because of that activity. When output increases, economic theory says that employers will typically need to hire more workers in order to handle their increased sales and output. However, this may non be the case in todays modern economy because modern businesses potency output are not directly proportional to their workforce. The long run economic impact depends on whether or not the unexpected short run money supply increase is permanent or not. If the money supply increase is permanent, then the short run effects mentioned preceding(prenominal) will drive the output of the economy above where it naturally should be. If the feed decided to implement an Expansionary monetary policy to counteract this increase in the money supply then it would most likely try to disregard interest rates. This type of monetary stimulus affects the interest rates in the short term. This can eventually lead to long term economic transplant base on short term economic change be ing as the Fed intended. Expansionary policies are meant to push the economy towards secure employment and spur economic festering. This means that if the policy is not most monitored, or not removed at the right magazine, it can cause ostentation, and thereby increase interest rates in the long run.2. How rapidly has the money supply (M1) grown during the past twelve months? State the rate of growth (use http//www.federalreserve.gov/releases/h6/) and the most recent release, use the seasonally adjusted figures. purpose the rate of growth across the year by taking the (new amount of M1- old amount of M1)/old amount of M1). Given the state of the economy, should monetary authorities increase or decrease the growth rate of money? Explain why.The M1 money supply grew by a rate of 8.86%. This is based on the Jan 2014 M1 supply number of 2,683.0 billion, and Jan 2013 number of 2,464.5 billion. This indicates a healthy growth rate of the economy and the M1 money supply. According to the reports issued by the board of governors of the national Reserve, Unemployment is decreasing, and inflation is remaining within their intended constraints. The Fed is currently maintaining policies to cumber the growth rate of the M1 money supply in check. If the money supply were to increase at a more rapid rate, than it is likely that inflation would also increase.3. Is constancy in the general train of prices through time important? Why or why not? Should price stableness be the goal of monetary policy? Explain your responses.Price constancy in an economy is an essential quality for sustained growth. It is one of the primeval aspects that investors, both domestic and foreign, look at to determine whether or not to invest in the economy. If the price is unstable, than investors, especially foreign investors, do not see the economy as stable enough to risk their money in, and therefore invest elsewhere. This obviously is lost economic activity that can cause ripple effec ts across the market. When the general price level is stable however, the economy becomes appealing to investors, and causes them to spend their money in the market. This faith that investors gain is a huge asset to economic growth and development. When peck and businesses are confident that their money is going to be put to good use, they are much more likely to spend it. Domestically, price stability is important for the government,and the Fed to be able to maintain fiscal policies. The primal Bank is also affected by the stability of prices when it makes monetary adjustments and investments. Therefore, it is spanking for the Fed to monitor and attempt to stabilize prices as much as possible.4. Compare and contrast the impact of an unexpected shift to a more expansionary monetary policy low rational and adaptive expectations. Are the implications of the both theories various in the short run? Are the long-run implications different? Explain.When monetary policy is created, there are 2 popular theories that surpass the actions of finality makers. One of these policies is sane Expectations. The theory of Rational Expectations is based on the presumption that the economic future of a market can be systematically predicted based on hypothesis and rational thought. This is the most astray used theory by todays economic analysts and decision makers at the Fed. The second theory is Adaptive expectations. This theory is based on the idea that to predict an economys future, one has to analyze its past. The bushel of an unexpected shift to a more expansionary monetary policy under adaptive expectations will temporarily stimulate output and employment. Under Rational expectations, the same situation would result in little to no change in output.

Copyright and whether it has been infringed?

In devote to be sufficient to settle the question whether or non in that respect has been copyright infraction, the two to a lower placelying principles to guide us is the applicable law and infringement. The submissions by both parties to the dispute were drawn from the federal official laws and a clear jurisdiction is provided for under the 1976 Copyright Act. Further, the submissions by the parties were intelligibly on slip of papers that be from the federal motor inns and hence jurisdiction is not a debatable issue. The other issue is on the question of infringement.As previously indicated, the infringement arises when the copyright registered is used by somebody else who purports to be the owner of that work. In this issue, the complainant did not have his work registered, however, it is not a ch completelyenge position that the whole kit belonged to the plaintiff and in that respectof not an issue. The question that suffices in this exemplar is the similarity of demonstration. The intention of the Copyright act is to protect the origins expression of idea and not the idea itself.In the present case the plaintiff had brought to the defendant the work which the defendant was to look into and decide whether it was a good idea or not, however, the defendant went on to pass the works to another third political party who turned to be his agent to prove the work and instead stole his ideas and a document was produced to that effect. The intention of the tenet is to protect the authors expression. In order to settle this question the judicial system looks at the nature of expression is it uttered in myriad ways or in narrow ways?In the above case, the expression is expressed in narrow form and thence there is similarity of expression from the document which was produced by the third party, who was in concert with the defendant herein, it is therefore correct to submit that there was infringement by the defendant. Whether or not there is an implied generate of fact? The issue of whether or not that there existed a contract is one which cannot go ignored. The rule of thumb is that all contracts must be in writing. However, the case before us is that, there is no written contract between the parties and therefore the issue of implied contract of fact arises.Whether or not there is an implied contract of fact, the test volition be applied to the intentions and conduct of the parties. A contract implied in fact will construct the whole agreement, further it is a contract that is created when a party tacitly accepts benefit at a time it was able to reject it. In the present case, it is the finding of the butterfly and fact that the plaintiff had minded(p) the defendant disseminated sclerosis and that they would use it for the purpose which was intended and should they do otherwise hence the plaintiff should have go consideration.In arriving to this conclusion the court looks at the intention and the conduct of both pa rties at the time of do of the contact. It is clear from the conduct of the defendant especially from the second request for the manuscript that there was intention to create an implied contract of fact. For the court to arrive at the conclusion that indeed the defendant was in breach is in order and therefore the plaintiff should be awarded the remedies that follow correspond as a result of the defendant breaching the contract.Under the California laws which the plaintiff had pleaded under, the courts can enforce for remedies. Whether or not the affecting issues will affect the judgment of the court? thither are other issues that directly and indirectly affect the outcome of the case this include Exclusion of hearsay Evidence Denial of Motion to mend Finding of fact Statute limitations Attorneys fees It is trite law that the hearsay demonstrate will not be admitted on record save that it meets the elision rule. The issue in this case is whether or not in the examination courts finding the exclusion was in order.In the circumstances, the exclusion was in order since the evidence which the parties had purported to bring before the court was adduced by a third party and clearly could not and hearsay hence did not fall indoors the exception rules. Motion to amend can be given if authentic legal principles and threshold are met with the party seeking to rely on it. The underlying guideline is that, the Motion to amend can be given and if it does not seek to prejudice the other party. In the forward circumstance, a motion to amend was brought 19 months from the time the matter was filed in court and viewed with suspicion.The only conclusion that was arrived by the courts is that it was brought with the aim of forestalling the wheels of justice and it was straight-laced for the court to deny the same. The burden of proof shifts to the person who alleges, in the foregoing circumstances if the plaintiff made allegations and did meet using evidence whi ch they did, then it can be held as the true fact. In presenting their evidence, the plaintiff did support his evidence and was not shaken by the defense and therefore the court is correct to find their position as the truth. The issue of limitations goes to back when the condition of action arose.It is the defendants submission that it is time barred under the California laws. The courts are guided from when the action arose in this case after the defendant failed to hand good the brookment and which was within time when the defendant was filling this suit which is now a condition precedent. The general principle is that the losing party should pay the costs. In this case, the defendant lost the case and further, it is our submission that the case was brought under the federal laws copyright Act of 1976 that the party guilty should pay the advocates costs.In conclusion, therefore it is my humble submission that the plaintiff has fulfilled the required threshold on matter of bala nce of probability and hence attained the chance of success. deeds cited Lessick, Susan, Copyright ownership UC Copyright. Feb 27, 2003 Nov 22, 2008 Implied-in-fact Contract, Business Dictionary, Ed 2007-2008 Massey, Calvin R, The California republic Constitution A reference guide published 1879

ADVANCED TRAINING METHODS

Advanced up carry methods be generally the modern nurture methods that ar organism applied in fitness education some others authors exhaust called them scientific methods of learn basing that the results of the go methods of fosterage atomic number 18 observable and a clear unfoldment of changes in the trainee keep be easily observed.The major(ip) go on preparedness methods include super solidifications, Forced reps, pyramid system and finally Periodization proficiency. A superset fundamentally involves a more than exact gentility method that do non allow for sleep in between the sets. Forced reps equally involve performing repetitive actions when the trainee has reached coaxal and exhausted by means of the second of the flight simulator.Pyramid system as well as encompasses ontogenesis the muscles through the addition of more packs in a varied manner incorporating some(prenominal) the raft and metier while the other method which is the periodization emp loys a more planed dressing with the time available for training being apportioned evenly to ensure better development of strength and muscles and also controlling if not eradicating everywhere training.Important to note that before any of the above methods are use in training a proper understanding of each is prevalent for effective and avoiding simple injuries that may also result due to over training.A proper audit of ones health is equally important to ascertain that the trainer is not suffering from any medical complication that may be appendd by the trainings that at time may be intense.Its completely when all these are met that one can apply the above training methods and have remarkable results to boost of from the training, since ignoring the medical concern would basically be suicidal.IntroductionIn todays contemporary world many people have taken up training in an attempt to improve their carnal fitness or dear take it up as a career or sport like the body builder s. Weight and electrical resistance methods of training have become more popular with many people.These methods basically uses weight stuck as closely as elastic resistance to help flex the muscles, by employing sundry(a) training methods like super sets, forced reps, pyramid systems and periodization.This essay thus seeks to discuss and distinguish the above advanced training methods drawing the pros and cons of each method and their applicability, in golf-club to pop the question a better understanding of each.Supersets are basically one of the advanced training methods that involve performing two exercises in a form without any slackening or relaxation between the two sets. Supersets are basically body building method unlike other formulaic methods like straight sets.The lack of rest in between the sets, poses a major disadvantage for this method in that it cannot be used efficaciously in building and developing power or strength. ( Venuto, 2008) the inability to devel op power or strength comes as a result of the particular that the method does not allow for time for rest, thus this reduces the amount of weight that one can handle with the trainees strength declining with every additional supersetBorrowing from the verbal expression that every coin has got two sides, supersets have got numerous advantages as well in that they help save time considerably, in that no more time is spent n relaxation in between the sets. Supersets just as the forced reps also help in increasing billet of training that in the long run would enable the trainee develop muscles faster.According to (Venuto, 2008) Supersets also help in reducing injuries while training. This is due to the fact that the sets are continuous the muscles get overloaded and thus generate higher intensity without necessarily having to increase the weights.In addition it important to explain the three major categories of supersets which include same muscle group supersets which involve combi ning contrastive exercises for a lendn muscle, the second type of superset is the Antagonistic muscle groups that derived its disclose from the antagonistic effect that results from pairing the two muscles enabling one to rest as the other is workig.Ffinally the last category of supersets is the staggered sets which involve combining misrelated muscles with minor and major muscles thus training continuously. (Venuto, 2008)The other method of advanced training is the periodization method which can be described as the ever-changing of volume and intensity in a phased manner to stimulate gains and give room for recovery. Under this method the volume of training equipment is reduced during training while on the other hand the intensity is increased.(Cipriani,1997)further stipulates that periodization has the advantage of bringing variations in the training that elevates development of more strength and muscles, while at the same time dower in controlling if not eradicating over tra ining.Periodization basically helps bring planning into training for bodybuilders in that one would be able to properly allocate his training time evenly archetype the period available for instance one year thus avoiding the enticement of training all through that is always brought by the desire to deliver the candids fast results.Periodization thus ensures balance in training allowing for both intensive and low training that balances well with the body that needs rest after(prenominal)wards an intensive phase thus reverting to less(prenominal) intensive training-low phase. (Cipriani, 1997)In order to accrue the full-of-the-moon benefits of periodization a bodybuilder must be forbearing and self disciplined to follow the plan or schedule of training. Its recommended that body builders basically need to use an approximate period of 1 year with the initial half being the progressive resistance phase.As the pay heed implies the trainee should start with light weights in the ea rly periods of the phase and progressively or gradually add on weight until he/she reaches the current utmost weight after which the increase in reps would come weekly integrate with rest intervals in between the sets. (Cipriani, 1997)This brings out one major end between periodization and supersets in that where as supersets do not allow for relaxation the former does and is more planned than the latter.The other method of advanced training method is the pyramid training method that operates under the principle of developing the muscles by increasing the amount of muscular contraction when performing the various sets in an exercise. In this method the weight is varied over various sets for instance five sets of 14, 12, 8, 12 and 14 reps would involve performing the first two sets with light to gradually medium weight as a w branch up to the muscles.The work set which is also the middle set would involve the use of the heaviest weight to affirm the muscles with the drop sets whi ch are transport being used to fatigue the muscles further.(Delavier,2001) This system thus incorporates both the volume and intensity and thus popular with body builders.The major disadvantage with this technique is its inflexibility of use by different levels of bodybuilders in that with a full pyramid the weights may be too much for a nut to handle.Equally another advance training method is the Forced reps which are repeats performed after a muscle failure and the trainee feels exhausted and cannot hold up the weight any more or perform any other repetition effectively. At this juncture the trainers always assist by helping in spotting the trainee.The major advantage of this method is that with good exercises forced reps can actually be performed without necessarily having a spotter or training partner for instance with one arm having strong bicep curls the remaining arm can as well be used in helping the arm that is being trained.(Hatfield,1993)ConclusionHaving distinguished a nd discussed the major advanced training methods in detail, its also important to conclude by highlighting the benefits of training in general in that todays world is characterized by more and more people getting treatments for problems they would keep at call for by just remaining fit through training and eat well, Training basically helps develop strong muscular strength, appearance as well as improving ones breathing process.Thus being an important reflection of human life.Body metabolic rate on the other hand increases with the increase in muscular mass, which helps in burning fat thus preventing obesity. (Runacres, 2000)Weight training also guarantees other benefits in that constant training enhances good posture and in the process reducing injuries that always occur from everydays activities.All this said than done, proper training cannot work in isolation .It basically has to be coupled up with good nutrition, where in this case good nutrition meaning a balanced diet with a stroke in proteins and carbohydrates to help develop the body cells and provide sufficient strength respectively.In my opinion I would recommend that the trainees follow the trainers operating instructions in order to achieve results in the various training methods being used to be successful.ReferencesCipriani, J. (2007) Periodization. Retrieved on 11th September 2008, fromhttp//www.jimcipriani.com/article-periodization.htmlDelavier, F. (2001) Strength training anatomy, human kinetic publishers.Hatfield, F. (1993) Hardcore body building scientific approach, Mc Graw-hillRunacres,A.(2000)Advanced training strategies. Retrieved on, 11th September. Fromhttp//www.wabba.co.uk/upload/advanced_training_stratergies-31-july-00pdfVenuto,T,(2008)How to build more muscles in less time with supersets. RetrievedSeptember 10th 2008 from http//www.fitfaq.com/supersets.html

Brand ‘You’

Every person in this world has some abilities which present him grotesque and make him distinguishable from everyone else. Thats the main idea stern brand You. I give way some abilities which make me different and bring to my value in the market. This feature of distinctiveness is observed by many a(prenominal) HRDs when they induct fresh workforce from the market. There are so many slipway to promote oneself and thats how the demand for brand You builds up in the market. In order to promote oneself, first step is to lose it ones abilities and capabilities.This can be done by rule-governed sessions of intra-personal communication. A person should know what he is good at and he should list down his unique features and ponder over them once in a while. For example, I have good communication skills, therefore I would capitalize on this particular skill of mine. Similarly if I am good at teaching, I would publicize teaching as my particular feature. If I am good at communicatio n skills, I would condition part in discussions. If I am good at influencing population around me, I would promote my leadership skills.These qualities can be free-base out by ones self-feedback and the results obtained from self-feedback should be compared to the actual future outcome to keep at a check at reality. If you dont accommodate control of your brand, youll be forever stuck with how the world judges you (Brandy, 2007). Knowing to the highest degree oneself is the key to success in brand You. A brand is ceaselessly unique because of its style, its organizational culture, its adjustment with its environment.Same applies to brand You, a person should have a unique style of his own, he should have his unique ways of carrying out his work and he should commensurate with the external environment as well. To increase the value of my brand You, I would analyze my abilities, publicize my unique capabilities and capitalize on it. This is how I will create my own put in the market. References Brandy, D. (2007). Creating Brand You. Bloomberg Businessweek. Retrieved August 22, 2010 from http//www. businessweek. com/magazine/content/07_34/b4047419. htm

Urdu As A Modern Language In The Uk Education Essay

AbstractionThe position was designed to heart into the futurity of Urdu in the UK. British born Asians were the cosmos of the watch. The gaze was a submit character reference which was delimited to the schools of Lancashire, Midlands and air jacket Midlands and champion school from each was the sample of the valuate. Questionnaire was workout as a smack for tool and 40 five questionnaires were distri plainlyed to squiggle up informations from which 40 responses could be possible. Parameters of involvement were, ages, background ( Natural ) , fuss applauder, grammatical gender, overstepographic points of survey, instruction stratums and routine of Urdu. aft(prenominal) compend of informations, it was found that afterlife of Urdu in the UK is bright and it enjoys yet most(prenominal) normally practice sessiond union glossal colloquy among Asians. Finally, countries of con facial expressionration ar suggested that go out let us to raise the survey of Urd u and too do it an instrument of social exploitation ( health, social attention etc ) .Research inquiry and context Urdu is a living linguistic gurgle and has a bright time to come in the UK .During the generator s PGCE arrangement at School, the caput instructor said and by and heavy(p) believed that Urdu is lo verbalize its entreaty to British born Asian scholars as p bents favour to listen a linguistic converse former(a) than Urdu to their Children. The source too established and observed that students influence water had less motivation towards Urdu as comp atomic number 18d to other linguistic talks. So, in the visible radiation of the generator s observations and the caput instructor s positions the writer conducted a national to acquire a fall in encounter slightly the hereafter of Urdu in the UK. There whitethorn be a batch of grounds behind this deficiency of motive except the writer focus on following inquiriesWhy is Urdu less charitable to Br itish scholars?What ar the beginnings of battlefielding Urdu in the UK?What are the involvements of British Asians for hearing Urdu?How do British Asiatics use Urdu linguistic communication in their day-to-day lifespan?Which comprise book of Urdu is preferred by British Asians in the UK?How is it possible to build and continue Urdu through electronic and print media?Does Urdu read a advanced(a) teaching method to get by with modern demands? belles-lettres look intoLanguage seems to prolong many utilizations like, a agency of communication, an instrument of conveying cognition and an look of cultural and originative impulses of a society. A linguistic communication is the emblem of its talkers. Each linguistic communication determines a alone manner of sing the universe. It encapsulates the Torahs and traditions and beliefs of its cultural group. ( R.M.W.Dixen.1997135 ) . So is the instance with the linguistic communication of Urdu as, harmonizing to George weber s article Top Languages The World s 10 most Influential Languages in Language Today, Hindi/Urdu is the 4th most utter linguistic communication in the universe, with 4.7 per centum of the universe s existence, after Mandarin, English, and Spanish .Urdu is a South Asiatic linguistic communication spoken in Pakistan as a national linguistic communication ( Qaumi Zabaan ) . Urdu is besides one of the officially recognized linguistic communication theory in India and has official linguistic communication position in the Indian provinces of Uttar Pradesh, Bihar, Andhra Pradesh, Chhattisgarh and the national capital, New Delhi. In Indian administered Kashmir, Urdu is the primary official linguistic communication. It is the lone province in India where Urdu has been given such a position.Harmonizing to Mehrab on line get a line on International Urdu Conference Urdu has no boundary and has its roots all over the universe . BBC Urdu website provinces Urdu is closely related to Hindi. Ur du is spoken as a starting gear linguistic communication by over 60 million peck ( including 10 million in Pakistan and 48 million in India ) .Masica ( 1991 22 ) describes Urdu as h matureing no specific territorial base, in the instinct that there is no vicinity or set of vicinities in the Indian sub-continent that tin whoremonger be pointed out at as an Urdu-speaking country. However, Urdu is evidencegraphically present momentant in another manner as good. It is widely used as a second linguistic communication throughout the Muslim communities of South Asia. As Schmidt ( 199916 ) says, Urdu is besides spoken in Bangladesh, Afghanistan and Nepal, and has become the cultural linguistic communication and applauder franca of the South Asiatic Muslim diasporas outside the subcontinent .Urdu in BritainThe relationship between Urdu and Britain is non new it started most three and a fractional hundred old ages ago when the British entered into the sub-continent as a dealer and established the East India Company. British studied in deepness the civilization, lingual, societal and economic background of the sub-continent and they realised that to obtain full political designer they asked to larn the linguistic communication of the land. To carry on through this inclination they established Fort William College in Calcutta. It was founded on July 10, 1800.Harmonizing to Wikipedia Fort William College was an academy and encyclopaedism totality for Oriental surveies established by Lord Wellesley, so Governor-General of British India .Gilchrist was named caput of the college and he produced a batch of literature in Urdu. pistillate monarch Victoria hired an Indian Muslim to learn her Urdu and his portrayal can still be seen in the Royal Palace. Manama Afkaar Printed Urdu in Britain incident anatomy and on the rubric page there is a image of Queen Victoria with Munshi Abdul Karim ( the Queen s Urdu Tutor ) . ( appendix1 )John Joshua Keterlaer, the Dutch embassador to India, wrote Urdu s first grammar circa 1715. Written in Latin, it was named Grammatical Indostanica , as Indostan, Indostani, and Hindustani are among the different names Urdu has had through centuries. In 1741, gum benzoin Schultz, a German missionary, wrote Grammatica Indostanica in Latin. The first-ever grammar of Urdu in English was written by a MrGliston. John Gilchrist had besides written a grammar book of Urdu himself but it was a British military officer named Hadley who was credited with authorship and serve the first-ever grammar of Urdu in English.There were two national Urdu conferences held in the UK. The first was held at the SOAS on Saturday, 8th December, 1979. The second Urdu national conference was called by the Urdu Majlis ( UK ) , the Centre for Multicultural Education and it s took topographic point on April 24th-25th, 1981 in London. Both conferences were a immense success towards the plump of Urdu instruction in the UK.Professo r Ralph Russell was a British bookman of Urdu literature and his scholarly look into acquire him a unique and enduring topographic point among great names of Urdu literature. He did enormous work to advance and do Urdu popular in the UK.Harmonizing to confederacy linguistic communications in high(prenominal) instruction employment 2008 Urdu is top of the chart and it is most widely spoken community of interests linguistic communication in the UK. See chart downstairsBeginning lodge languages in higher instruction study 2008, p11.Urdu is a linguistic communication spoken either as a first or second linguistic communication by a subdivision of British Asiatic people, peculiarly those of Pakistani heritage. It is widely spoken in the UK by immigrants and their posterities. As express by the BBC Urdu web site The Urdu community in the UK Numberss about one million talkers. The Urdu community in the UK is authentically a lot bigger than the Hindi community. Most of those who id entify themselves as Urdu talkers use a commixture of Punjabi as the linguistic communication of the place, and speak Urdu as a 2nd linguistic communication for spiritual and cultural grounds. The overpowering bulk comes from the West Punjab and the Mirpur grease of Azad Kashmir, but smaller groups of Gujarati Muslims from both India and East Africa besides use Urdu for spiritual intents as mentioned on the BBC web site. David Mathews mentioned in his address at the five-day International Urdu Conference held in capital of Pakistan. Urdu is recognized as the 4th global linguistic communication in the UK .The version spoken in Britain is to a great extent laced with Punjabi and Mirpuri ( which is apparent in my study ) destination and solid grounds. The ground for this is that the bulk of UK occupants who are of Pakistani descent originally came from the Mirpur territory in northern Pakistan which is besides following to the Punjab.The Pakistani community is the 2nd largest o f the three South Asiatic communities in Britain, with a nation union of 899,000. Over 92 per cent of Pakistanis in Britain identify themselves as Muslim. Whilst a big proportion of the community is concentrated in London, it is more(prenominal) rasely dispersed across the state than most other Muslim populations, with major(ip)(ip) colonies in the Midlands, Yorkshire and the North West.Harmonizing to CILT study 1995 Urdu is the most widely used community linguistic communication in England and 69 local instruction governments are offering Urdu instruction.MethodologyMethodology is a image of procedure which can be explained as suggested by( Cohen et Al, 200344 ) , the scope of attacks used in educational research to garner informations which are to be used as a footing for intervention and reading, for account and anticipation For the intent of my research I have preferred to use a study as it can be used to scan a broad field of issues, populations, programmes etc. In ord er to mensurate or limn any generalized characteristics ( Cohen, 2007206 ) .Harmonizing to Sapsford ( 1999 ) , create from raw material of study involves four different anatomys of job definition, sample choice, design for measurings and concerns for participants, and then I took into the taradiddle to provide all the four phases. The first phase of research involved the pilot study as it is a fore deprivation piece of research conducted before a complete study to adjudicate the effectivity of the research methodological analysis . It was decided after the suggestions do by the Curriculum and professed(prenominal) Mentor to transport out the master survey which was accomplished in December 2009. A study was vigilant to determine the chosen informations aggregation method and to derive some introductory strippingings. I chose closed complete inquiries for my study as Fink ( 1995 ) urges that they are easy to precedentize, and informations gathered from closed termi nal inquiries lend themselves to statistical analysis .For this intent I produced a questionnaire utilizing the likert-scale, multiple soak and ordinal side of closed terminal inquiries which required tending towards trying every slure good as to guarantee that the information on which the sample is found is comprehensive. The research inquiries for this survey asked how people used Urdu in their day-to-day lives. After the suggestions to the pilot study, the development of the full study questionnaire was done together with the suggestions shoot by Stephen Toll ( Email, Appendix2 ) and Professor Itesh Sachdev ( Email, Appendix3 ) to formalize the pilot study questionnaire.In decision, the research leave behind supply me every bit good as the readers with a licker image of the Urdu s Future as a mod Language in the UK and depart raise motive towards Urdu survey. The observations were made to put forward the consequence of the research and proposals were made to increase the motive and popularity among Urdu scholars in the UK.The studies were established towards the terminal of the winter term 2010. A sum of 45 questionnaires were send out to three different schools, one in Lancashire, one in the Midlands and one in West Midlands. Of the 45 studies sent out further 40 responses were received ( 89 % response ) of which 8 were over 16 ( 20 % ) and 32 ( 80 % ) were under 16.Findingss and Analysis haoma ( Gender )In footings of gender it is clear the sample is non declarative representative of population. Since merely 10 % of that population surveyed were adult females. It is apparent that the study bespeaks to be modified and expand since it is non conformist, i.e. merely 10 % of the surveyed of were female. From formal experiences it is apparent that a big population of females tend to show involvement in linguistic communications than males. So to acquire a more feasible image of the hereafter the study should hold been conducted in two stagesFema lesMalesIt is hence suggested that the present findings will be biased since 90 % of the group were males, who do non be given to exhibit involvement in linguistic communications study.Figure ( Location )It is besides apparent that a disproportional sum of those surveyed were larning Urdu linguistic communication in a private constitution for illustration at a mosque. From these consequences it is clear that due to big body-build of males surveyed the consequences are biased. From my ain experiences I find that more misss tended to fail Urdu at school than male childs. Therefore, it is clear that of the study was extended a clear image of the figure of male pupils would be obtained.In footings of stagecoach of Urdu being studied 98 % of these persons studied to GCSE degree with merely 2 % traveling farther to analyze A/S degree.Figure ( demoing Education Level )Another factor which needs to be born in moderate is the age groups surveyed, since the present research took into bi ll merely those analyzing GCSE s ( i.e. 16 ) . This needs to be extended to involve a big figure of stations 16 s. Since this is the group which will take to do greater usage of the Urdu makings.Figure ( demoing Mother lingua )Use of Urdu linguistic communication inDaily livesImportance on a graduated table of 1- 5 with 1 is the most and 5 is the least.1234Using it with members of crime syndicate15 %20 %30 %5 %Using it in the community.0 %5 %40 %15 %Using it for travel. Visiting Pakistan and India.50 %7 %3 %20 %Using it for friendly relationship and societal net work.23 %13 %0 %14 %Reading newspapers, magazines and books in Urdu.10 %10 %20 %20 %Cinema, Television, cyberspace and Radio15 %10 %10 %15 %Figure for non Urdu talkers analyzing Urdu shows a broad scope of nationalties analyzing Urdu linguistic communication. These ranged from linguistic communications of the Indian sub-continent, Africa and Europe.These consequences are really kindle in that they show that the figure of pupils analyzing Urdu came from a assortment of backgrounds, in footings of their female parent tongue.It can be inferred that Urdu has same involvement in a assortment of nationalties and this can be extended further with exposure of the linguistic communication to other backgrounds.Consequences for How do you utilize Urdu linguistic communication in your day-to-day lives?The study asked to depict the usage of Urdu linguistic communication in their day-to-day lives and rank these statements in order of richness on a graduated table of 1- 5.The most interesting and stating set of informations are obtained from the Use of Urdu ( Table 1 ) .From initial review of the information it seems that 50 % of the group surveyed do non give more acceptance to the usage of Urdu. However closer penetration shows some interesting tendencies, these are outlined below65 % of the group uses Urdu in the place, plausibly due to the fact that the parents and grandparents find it easier to discourse in Urdu instead than English. at any rate the cultural facets of the communications are easy communicated in Urdu than English.From the usage of Urdu in the community it seems that most of the group members seem to give most importance to Urdu in the community. This may be due to the colored nature of the study, i.e. 98 % males. From a cultural point of position the male s function in that of staff of life victor so if he is working all twenty-four hours there is small demand for him to utilize the linguistic communication to pass on in a manner as to acquire things done. I believe a more thorough study will demo that when female positions are taken into history this standard will demo different consequences.Traveling tendency will demo the highest usage of Urdu, and so this is the instance. Even here I believe the filename extension of the study to include more females will ensue in an even higher figure who use Urdu when traveling.Social networking has a important figure of sur veyed groups who use Urdu for pass oning, but it should be born in head that the Urdu used is written in roman letters book for on-line communicatingIt is with some unhappiness that we note that usage of Urdu seems to be on the drop-off in media and amusement.Therefore from an initial expression at the consequences it would look that Urdu is descent in the UK, but one needs to convey in other factors and deficits in the study to to the full check the province of personal businesss.Figure 5 ( analyzing Urdu as a topic at degree degree )Of the 40 studies completed questionnaires answered 12 % responded positively to this inquiry whilst 35 % stated that they did non see to analyze Urdu at degree degree and 53 % were unsure to analyze Urdu at degree degree. Figure shows that 35 % of respondents call for to analyze Urdu as a individual topic whilst 65 % expressed that they want to analyze Urdu combine with other topics.Survey of the possibility of analyzing Urdu at higher degrees shows that a really big Numberss would wish to analyze Urdu at higher degrees, in some signifier. I believe Urdu as its ain would be selected by really few persons, but when given a pick of holding under as a unite faculty a big figure showed involvement. This ties in with how Urdu can be made more available to the whole community in different country wellness, instruction, societal services etc.Which Urdu authorship book is easy to read and attend?Figure 6 ( Which Urdu composing book is easy to read and understand Traditional/Roman. )An overpowering bulk found Urdu written in Roman book to be easy read and grok, whereas merely 65 % thought process that traditional Urdu book was easy to read and understand.DiscussionThe present research has highlighted of import issues sing the hereafter of Urdu as a ML and the hereafter of Urdu in the community. On first glimpse it appears that Urdu is losing its grass root importance. This can be understood if one takes into history the continue d changing of the population of the Urdu speech mathematical product groups. Obviously the first coevals group which give much importance to the Urdu Language since it is the linguistic communication of their family and it is a linguistic communication in which they have had their formal instruction or have big(a) up being surrounded by the usage of the linguistic communication ( i.e. their formative old ages ) . The 2nd coevals immigrants held on to the usage of Urdu in the place due to strong ties with their relation in the native states. As the immigrant population became educated their usage of Urdu at place and within the networking socialising circles decreased. This sidelining of Urdu has led to many British immigrants of Urdu descent non being able to talk Urdu fluently even within the place. However, initial basis suggests that Urdu still seems to be spoken widely among the male group for grounds of civilization and their functions. indeed Urdu is still being studied in schools but the bulk of the pupils analyzing Urdu are males or pupils in spiritual based schools of Indo-Pakistani beginnings.From my treatments in schools and the community it is sheer that Urdu is once more gaining popularity perchance due to the fact that there are important alterations go throughing in the provinces of the immigrant population from India/Pakistan. First, there are a big figure of people making old age ( 60+ ) who have to set to a non-nuclear household. There has been a big increase in old people s places lodging Urdu speech production immigrants. By necessity they have to set from populating off from their households which has reverberations for their callings. The aged prefer to pass on in their native linguas, so the wellness callings need to be able to understand and pass on consequently. This evidently performer that these professionals who can understand and utilize Urdu can look after this population more efficaciously. This evidently means that th e importance of Urdu can be intensify by aiming persons who work in these countries. Restrictions of the present work of this papers make non let an in depth treatment of all points, but the writer suggests the undermentioned points to heighten Urdu and procure its hereafterHighlight the profusion of Urdu literature.A planetary market of present times can let enterprisers to utilize the assorted chances to spread out concern into countries where Urdu is still widely used.NHS will lead to provide for a round population who will necessitate to utilize Urdu to pass on with a group which is now turning and demands health care.Social public assistance groups need to be position for the clip when big figure of Urdu talking population will necessitate aided lodging and attention.The importance of higher instruction classs that offer survey of Urdu alongside the major topics. E.g. Medicine with Urdu, Pharmacy with Urdu, Dentistry with Urdu, Nursing with Urdu, healthcare with Urdu etc.E valuation and Implications for PracticeThis subdivision deals with the significance of chief findings of this survey for the writer every bit good as for others and, how the findings relate to the literature cited in the subdivision of Literature Review . Actually the chief focal point of this survey was to look into the hereafter of Urdu as a Modern Language in the UK. The use of Urdu by British Borns Asians in their everyday affairs of day-to-day life was besides investigated and there was some focal point on to happen out their penchants of larning Urdu. The chief findings present a clear image of the hereafter of Urdu non merely for the writer but besides for future research workers carry oning some survey in this country. Harmonizing to this survey, the hereafter of Urdu in this state is really bright and use of Urdu may be deepen with some schemes suggested in the subdivision of Recommendations as, informations show considerable thirst for larning Urdu whether it might be a s a individual topic or as a combined topic. In add-on to it, a big figure of participants desired to larn Urdu at higher degrees besides. The point of position may be support by the mention quoted earlier in the subdivision of Literature Review which describes CILT study 1995. Harmonizing to the study, Urdu is the most widely used community linguistic communication in England and 69 local instruction governments are offering Urdu instruction. So, Urdu still seems to be an of import linguistic communication in this state. Significant first coevals Urdu talkers are still alive and are working, still necessitating wellness and societal attention advice. They will stop up in old people s places due to alterations happening in the atomic household in the UK. Where you need childs to look after them in footings of nurses and callings ( people around them ) and those childs must be equipped with Urdu linguistic communication to make a comfy ambiance. Therefore, it may besides be easy conc luded acording to Community linguistic communications in higher instruction study 2008, Urdu is top of the chart and it is most widely spoken community linguistic communication in the UK .Beginning Community languages in higher instruction study 2008, p11.In add-on to it there is found a positive mental attitude of childs towards Urdu acquisition and use. The writer s ego created figure below shows the attitudes towards larning the Urdu linguistic communication in the UK. There are three interior thrusts which impress the British scholars to analyze Urdu. Interest in the Urdu is due to its rich history and literature. Interest leads towards ability and ability brings good calling chances.Inner Drivers towards analyzing UrduInterestAbilityCareerThere will be some external influences besides which may play a critical function towards Urdu acquisition. Parents are the first point of contact or communicating and if they speak the linguistic communication at place, scholars will aut omatically pick up the linguistic communication. Parents besides can raise and heighten motive towards Urdu survey. Teachers besides influence the scholars and media besides plays an of import function to larn and do any linguistic communication popular. The writer s above mentioned point of position is described in the ego created figure belowStill there seems some demand to heighten the involvement of juvenile coevals towards Urdu acquisition. If immature coevals appears non to pay any serious attending to the Urdu linguistic communication, it is due to miss of involvement and chances they do non cognize, Urdu has a wealth of literature and has produced great bookmans.External Influences towards UrduSurveyFamilyTeachersMediaUrdu has fantastic poesy, Novel, Fiction and Prose. So, the procedure of larning Urdu may take topographic point in educational establishments. Here is the writer s ego created figure which shows the function of school, instructor and schoolroom in the acqui sition of Urdu linguistic communication.SchoolSchool LeadershipInterest in LanguagesRelationship with communityMotivational EnvironmentTeachersTeacher Academic SkillsTeaching MethodologyTeacher ExperienceProfessional DevelopmentClassroomsCourse ContentTeaching methodTechnologyClass SizeResourcesStudent development of Urdu LanguageIn the visible radiation of above mentioned rating and deduction for patterns, there is a demand to do Urdu the linguistic communication of employment and professionalism. There is besides a demand to present higher instruction classs in Urdu combined with Historical Studies, Language and Linguistics, Film Studies, Philosophy and Religious Studies, Literary Studies and romp and Sciences and Psychology, every bit good as medical professions and wellness and societal attention. In the visible radiation of above mentioned worlds, the survey may be declared really successful holding a considerable honor for the writer every bit good as for others interested in the country to pull some decisions about the hereafter of Urdu in the UK. The charge may be due to some grounds in which the major ground describes a singular figure of childs holding Urdu as their female parent lingua and their motive towards Urdu larning even at their degree degree. The survey is precisely harmonizing to the outlooks of the writer and frights of the caput instructor and the writer about the descent state of affairs of Urdu proved non to be true. However there is need to supply chances to immature coevals to larn Urdu. The writer was much focused during survey as the study was of personal involvement of the writer and so, preoccupation and focal point remained mark oriented holding no asides.This survey seems projecting really important influences on the writer as, now the writer is much determined to use such techniques while learning in schoolroom which may be more and more helpful to make involvement for pupils in Urdu acquisition. Equipped with the overpo wering tendencies for Urdu acquisition, the writer may make and heighten gustatory sensation for Urdu larning better than earlier in schoolroom and therefore may lend to do Urdu a life linguistic communication in the UK.DecisionThe hereafter of Urdu is rather bright in the UK and it s proved by my study. Majority of peoples took portion in the study considered Urdu as an of import linguistic communication. They think it s of import for communicating with parents, for fundamental interaction with community and for being able to talk Urdu during going figure of states where you can travel to is rather big.The importance of Urdu can be farther enhanced by developing classs which incorporate the Urdu linguistic communication. The female parent lingua plays a really of import function in determining the hereafter of a kid. Determining the hereafter of the Urdu linguistic communication is in the custodies of the parents. If they greet this most of import responsibility and seed the seeds of the female parent lingua in the childhood old ages, the hereafter of the Urdu linguistic communication takes a promising form. The responsibility for continuing Urdu in UK falls onto the shoulders of parents, community, and bing pedagogues.As Gopi Chand Narang correctly said in his address during International Urdu conference 2005, held in Islamabad ( Pakistan ) Urdu is a functional linguistic communication and functional linguistic communications do non decease. Urdu yesteryear was glorious, its present is safe and its hereafter assured. Urdu is unstoppable on the button because this is the linguistic communication that quenches society s cultural thirst. RecommendationsOn the footing of this survey and study, I would urge the followersThe demand to develop an institute of Urdu research in UK. ( For employment and CPD ) .To heighten and foreground Urdu learning programmes for British Asiatic scholars through native British Urdu examples through wireless or cyberspace.The usag e of non-commercial broadcast medium targeted to all and will heighten motive among Urdu scholars.Bilingualism is going progressively of import for economic invention and growing. Urdu concern classs should be introduced in schools and colleges.Train Urdu Language Teachers utilizing the cyberspace and ICT.E-Learning instructor preparation Courses should be launched in the UK.To salvage the hereafter of Urdu in the epoch of Computer engineering, there is a demand to run and present specially designed programmes to provide daily life in Urdu and to do Urdu a linguistic communication of the cyberspace.To mate Urdu to the up-to-date research and use of Urdu to the modern information and communicating engineerings in instruction and concerns.To present Degree, Master, M.Phil and Ph.D makings in Urdu with other topics.To heighten Urdu popularity Urdu books should be right away available in Roman Urdu and Traditional Urdu composing books.

Ibdp Biology Sl Specimen Exam Paper

N08/4/BIOLO/SPM/ENG/TZ0/XX+ 88086004 Biology Standard level PaPer 1 Monday 17 November 2008 (afternoon) 45 minutes INSTRUCTIONS TO CANDIDATES Do not open this mental test paper until instructed to do so. Answer all(prenominal) the questions. For each question, choose the dish out you consider to be the take up and indicate your choice on the do sheet provided. 8808-6004 13 pages International Baccalaureate Organization 2008 1. Which of the side by side(p) characterizes tissues? A. B. C. D. A group of prison cells that develop independently. A group of organs that rent the resembling function. A group of cells that have the same function.A group of organs that have the same structure. N08/4/BIOLO/SPM/ENG/TZ0/XX+ 2. Which of the following explains how brain cells develop to withdraw out their functions? A. B. C. D. The cells have interacted to become brain cells. The cells have evolved that way. Some genes be explicit while other genes atomic number 18 not. All genes are expressed in the brain cells. 3. The following is a plot of a prokaryote. I. II. trey. IV. Which two structures are required for protein synthesis in this cell? A. B. C. D. 8808-6004 triplet and IV II and IV II and III I and II 4. What is unavoidable for osmosis to occur? A. B. C. D.A membrane protein A partially permeable membrane A source of energy A cell wall N08/4/BIOLO/SPM/ENG/TZ0/XX+ 5. In a cell the nuclear membrane has broken raze and spindle microtubules from both poles are attached to each centromere of chromosomes adjust on the equator. Which phase of mitosis does this describe? A. B. C. D. Prophase Anaphase Metaphase Telophase 6. Which of the following contain the element morning star? A. B. C. D. Amino acids Viruses Ribose Deoxyribose 8808-6004 Turn over 4 7. Which draw correctly illustrates a glucose jot? A. H C OH CHOH C H OH C H C. H N H C H N08/4/BIOLO/SPM/ENG/TZ0/XX+B. O H C OH O C H N H C H C OH CHOH C H H C OH O H H C OH C OH H C OH H O D. CH (CH) n C O OH 8. The following plat shows the effect of temperature on enzyme activity. What explains the lack of activity at high temperatures? place of enzyme activity optimum temperature Temperature / C A. B. C. D. The active site no yearner has the required shape. All the substrate has been employ. All the enzyme has been used. Theactivesiteiscompletelyfilledwithsubstrate. 8808-6004 9. N08/4/BIOLO/SPM/ENG/TZ0/XX+ Which of the following correctly show the process and location for pyruvate formation? Process A. B. C. D. erobic cell respiration respiration photosynthesis photosynthesis Location cytoplasm chloroplast cytoplasm chloroplast 10. A molecule has two guanines, one cytosine, three riboses and three phosphates arranged in a single strand. What kind of molecule is this? A. B. C. D. deoxyribonucleic acid ribonucleic acid A trey of DNA nucleotides A polysaccharide 11. In photosynthesis, light energy is used to split water molecules. Which products are make and what is the nam e of the reaction? Products formed A. B. C. D. total heat and ATP hydrogen and oxygen hydrogen and ATP hydrogen and oxygen Reaction photolysis photolysis hydrolysis hydrolysis 8808-6004 Turn over 6 12. What can be concluded from the following data? N08/4/BIOLO/SPM/ENG/TZ0/XX+ 1 4 6 7 8 10 11 1 1 14 1 16 17 18 1 0 1 X Y A. B. C. D. Karyotype of a male with a recipe set of chromosomes DNAprofilingofamalewithDownsyndrome DNAprofilingofamalewithanormalsetofchromosomes Karyotype of a male with Down syndrome 13. The genotypes of two parents are HbA HbA and HbA HbS. What are the likely phenotypes of their children? A. B. C. D. 7 % healthy 0 % may develop sickle-cell genus Anemia % may develop sickle-cell anemia century % healthy 8808-6004 7 14. N08/4/BIOLO/SPM/ENG/TZ0/XX+ The gel image shown below has two lanes.The DNA is soaked onto the gel at the origin. To separate the DNA break ups a negative posture is applied to the origin of the gel. What conclusion could be made about t he DNA fragments? 1 origin A. B. C. D. The size of the DNA fragment in highway 1 is greater than in roadway . The charge of the DNA fragment in Lane is positive. The size of the DNA fragment in Lane is greater than in Lane 1. The charge of the DNA fragment in Lane 1 is positive. 15. Which of the following best describes sex linkage? A. B. C. D. The soma forget be inherited only by sons. The condition will be inherited only by daughters.The condition may be inherited by sons and daughters. The condition will be inherited by more daughters than sons. 16. A human gene is cloned into a plasmid and effectuate into a host cell. Which enzymes are used for this gene transfer? A. B. C. D. labor endonuclease and DNA ligase DNA polymerase and DNA ligase Restriction endonuclease and DNA polymerase DNA polymerase and RNA polymerase 8808-6004 Turn over 8 17. N08/4/BIOLO/SPM/ENG/TZ0/XX+ Which of the following best describe(s) all the descendants of a clone? I. II. III. A. B. C. D. I only I and II only I and III only I, II and III They have the same chromosomes.They share one parent. They are sterile. The following diagram of a food network refers to questions 18 and 19. hawk fox menial birds badger hedgehog shrew beetles slugs mice woodlice rabbits grass 18. Which organism(s) in the food web above is(are) both secondary consumer(s) and tertiary consumer(s)? A. B. C. D. tilt and fox Hawk and hedgehog Fox and badger Hawk only 8808-6004 19. N08/4/BIOLO/SPM/ENG/TZ0/XX+ If 1 000 000 J m yr1 of sunlight is assimilated by the grass in the food web, how much energy would be operational to the badger? A. B. C. D. 10 to J m yr1 100 to 00 J m yr1 00 to 1000 J m yr1 00 to 10 000 J m yr1 0. The average weight of walnuts from one group of directs was 8. g with a cadence deviation of 1. g. Which conclusion can be drawn from these data? A. B. C. D. % of all walnuts from these trees weigh among . g and 11. g. 68 % of all walnuts from these trees weigh between . g and 1 1. g. The minimum weight of walnuts from this tree is . g. The maximum weight of walnuts from this tree is 11. g. 21. Which of the following gases contribute to the greenhouse effect? I. II. III. A. B. C. D. I only I and II only II and III only I, II and III Methane Water vapour Nitrogen 8808-6004 Turn over 10 22.What is the chief(prenominal) cause of variation in a species? A. B. C. D. Meiosis Mitosis Random sexual union Emigration N08/4/BIOLO/SPM/ENG/TZ0/XX+ 23. The diagram below represents the human digestive system. 1 4 Which of the following correctly represents the labels? Esophagus A. B. C. D. 1 1 4 Gall bladder 4 4 1 beautiful intestine 1 Pancreas 4 8808-6004 11 24. What type of logical argument does the left wing atrium of the heart receive? A. B. C. D. Deoxygenated blood from the lungs Oxygenated blood from the right ventricle Oxygenated blood from the lungs Deoxygenated blood from the left ventricle N08/4/BIOLO/SPM/ENG/TZ0/XX+ 5. What will be an effe ct of HIV infection on the immune system? A. B. C. D. Antigens no longer bind to antibodies. Number of active lymphocytes is increased. Antibody production is limited. HIV patient role will fall ill more frequently. 26. A person is wo(e) from an illness and the doctor prescribes an antibiotic to treat the disease. What is the patient likely to drive from? A. B. C. A viral infection A prokaryotic infection An eukaryotic infection Theflu(influenza) D. 8808-6004 Turn over 1 27. N08/4/BIOLO/SPM/ENG/TZ0/XX+ The diagram below shows the female reproductive system and associated organs.X Y Z Which of the labelled structures correctly identify the cervix, urethra and ovary? Cervix A. B. C. D. Z Y Y Z Urethra X Z X Y Ovary Y X Z X 28. Which conditions apply to gas exchange in the lungs when the blood arrives in that location from the body? stock certificate oxygen dousing A. B. C. D. same as inhaled activate higher than inhaled argumentation lower than inhaled personal line of cred it same as inhaled air Blood carbon dioxide concentration higher than inhaled air lower than inhaled air higher than inhaled air lower than inhaled air 8808-6004 1 29. Which of the following events atomic number 82 up to birth is correct?A. B. C. D. Progesterone levels increase, oxytocin decreases. Progesterone levels decrease, oxytocin increases. Progesterone levels increase, oxytocin increases. Progesterone levels decrease, oxytocin decreases. N08/4/BIOLO/SPM/ENG/TZ0/XX+ 30. What should continue after a meal? A. B. C. D. Blood glucose concentration rises and insulin concentration increases. Blood glucose concentration decreases and glucagon increases. Blood glucose concentration rises and insulin concentration decreases. Blood glucose concentration rises and glucagon concentration stays the same. 8808-6004

Life Philosophy Essay

The meaning of deportment is to reserve life meaning Do not let what you give the sacknot do throw in with what you shag do. life term ism of John Wooden Even a fool knows you cant reach the stars, moreover that doesnt stymy a wise man from trying. You cant light up some iodine Elses choices. You shouldnt let some mavin else make yours. lifespan ism of Gen. Colin Powell Man is not the creature of circumstances, circumstances ar the creatures of men. We are escaped agents, and man is much powerful than matter. Life doctrine of Benjamin Disraeli.When an trouble happens to you, you either let it defeat you, or you defeat it Life doctrine of Rosalind Russell A life lived in fear is a life fractional lived. To live a creative life, we essential lose our fear of be wrong. It is better to be hated for what you are then to be love for what your not There are always two choices. Two paths to take. matchless is easy. And its only reward is that its easy. Positive thinki ng forget let you do everything better than negative thinking will. Life philosophical system of zigzag Ziglar You will never achieve what you never beginThe measure of a man is the way he bears up under misfortune. Dont wait for your ship to come in, swim out to it. Man cannot come up new oceans unless he has the courage to lose sight of the shore. philosophical system of Life by Andre Gide If one seeks advice, give them direction, not correction. Sooner or later, those who earn are those who think they can. Philosophy of Life by Richard Bach Do the things you know, and you shall learn the truth you indigence to know.Philosophy of Life by George Macdonald permit us not be content to wait and see what will happen,but give us the determi solid ground to make the right things happen. Philosophy of Life by Peter Marshall It is better to fail in originality than to succeed in imitation. Dont take life as well seriously. no one gets out alive, anyways. Before you talk about what yo u deficiency appreciate what you have. A man either lives life as it happens to him, meets it frontal and licks it, or he turns his back on it and starts to wither away. Life Philosophy from Gene Roddenberry You see, in life, lots of people know what to do, but a couple of(prenominal) people actually do what they know.Knowing is not enough You must take action. Life Philosophy from Anthony Robbins If you believe you can, you probably can. If you believe you wint, you most assuredly wont. Belief is the ignition switch that gets you finish off the launching pad. Life Philosophy from Denis Waitley You can do what you think you can do and you cannot do what you think you cannot Life Philosophy from Ben Stein happen something you love to do and youll never have to work a daytime in your life. Life Philosophy from Harvey Mackay You can do what you want to do. You can be what you want to be.Life Philosophy from R. David Thomas Philosophies in Life PHILOSOPHY may be defined as the st udy and involvement of facts which deal with the ultimate reality or causes of things as they affect life. The philosophical system of a sylvan like the Philippines is made up of the intricate and heterogeneous interrelationship of the life histories of its people in other word, the philosophy of our solid ground would be strange and undefinable if we do not delve into the away tied up with the notable life visits of the representative personalities of our nation. universe one of the prominent representatives of Filipino personalities, Jose Rizal is a fit subject whose life philosophy deserves to be know. Having been a victim of Spanish brutality early in his life in Calamba, Rizal had thus already formed the nucleus of an sturdy opinion of Castillian imperialistic administration of his country and people. Pitiful cordial conditions existed in the Philippines as late as three centuries after his conquest in Spain, with agriculture, commerce, communications and education l anguishing under its most backward state.It was because of this social infirmity that social evils like inferiority complex, cowardice, timidity and false pride pervaded across the nation and contributed to the decay of social life. This stimulated and shaped Rizals life phylosophy to be to contain if not eliminate these social ills. Educational Philosophy Rizals concept of the importance of education is clearly enunciated in his work authorise Instruction wherein he sought improvements in the schools and in the methods of teaching.He maintain that the backwardness of his country during the Spanish ear was not due to the Filipinos indifference, impassiveness or indolence as claimed by the rules, but to the neglect of the Spanish authorities in the islands. For Rizal, the mission of education is to elevate the country to the highest vest of glory and to develop the peoples mentality. Since education is the foundation of night club and a prerequisite for social progress, Rizal claimed that only through education could the country be saved from domination.Rizals philosophy of education, therefore, centers on the provision of strait-laced motivation in order to bolster the colossal social soak ups that make education a success, to create in the youth an innate inclination to cultivate his intelligence and give him life eternal. Religious Philosophy Rizal grew up nurtured by a closely-knit Catholic family, was educated in the foremost Catholic schools of the period in the elementary, secondary and college levels logically, therefore, he should have been a propagator of strictly Catholic traditions.However, in later life, he developed a life philosophy of a different nature, a philosophy of a different Catholic practice intermingled with the use of Truth and Reason. Why the adjustment? It could have been the result of contemporary contact, companionship, observation, research and the possession of an independent spirit. Being a critical observer, a pro found thinker and a enthusiastic reformer, Rizal did not agree with the prevailing Christian propagation of the religion by fire and sword. This is shown in his Annotation of Morgas Sucesos de las Islas Filipinas.Rizal did not believe in the Catholic dogma that salvation was only for Catholics and that outside Christianity, salvation was not possible even if Catholics composed only a small nonage of the worlds religious groups. Nor did he believe in the Catholic observation of fasting as a sacrifice, nor in the sale of such(prenominal) religious items as the cross, medals, rosaries and the like in order to propagate the Faith and raise church funds. He also lambasted the superstitious beliefs propagated by the priests in the church and in the schools. All of these and a lot more are evidences of Rizals religious philosophy.Political Philosophy In Rizals political view, a conquered country like the Philippines should not be taken prefer of but rather should be developed, civilized , educated and trained in the attainment of self- presidential term.He bitterly assailed and criticized in publications the apparent backwardness of the Spanish rulers method of governing the country which resulted in 1. the bondage and slaveholding of the conquered 2. the Spanish governments requirement of forced labor and force military service upon the n natives 3. the abuse of power by federal agency of exploitation 4.the government ruling that any complaint against the authorities was poisonous and 5. Making the people ignorant, destitute and fanatic, thus discouraging the formation of a national sentiment.Rizals guiding political philosophy proved to be the study and application of reforms, the extension of clement rights, the training for self government and the arousing of spirit of discontent over oppression, brutality, in humankindity, sensitiveness and self love. Ethical Philosophy The study of human behavior as to whether it is good or bad or whether it is right or wrong is that science upon which Rizals ethical philosophy was based.The fact that the Philippines was under Spanish domination during Rizals time led him to subordinate his philosophy to clean problems. This trend was much more needed at that time because the Spaniards and the Filipinos had different and sometimes conflicting morals. The moral status of the Philippines during this period was one with a lack of freedom, one with predominance of foreign masters, one with an imposition of foreign religious worship, devotion, homage and racial habits. This led to moral confusion among the people, what with justice being stifled, limited or curtailed and the people not enjoying any individual rights.To bolster his ethical philosophy, Dr. Rizal had recognized not only the forces of good and evil, but also the tendencies towards good and evil. As a result, he made use of the practical method of benevolent to the better nature of the conquerors and of aiming useful methods of solving the moral problems of the conquered. To deport his ethical philosophy in life, Rizal 1. censured the friars for abusing the advantage of their position as eldritch leaders and the ignorance and fanaticism of the natives2.counseled the Filipinos not to resent a defect attributed to them but to accept same as reasonable and just 3. advised the raft that the object of marriage was the satisfaction and love of the couple and not financial gain 4. censured the priests who preached greed and wrong morality and 5. advised every one that love and respect for parents must be strictly observed. Social Philosophy That body of knowledge relating to society including the wisdom which mans experience in society has taught him is social philosophy.The facts dealt with are principles involved in nation building and not individual social problems. The subject matter of this social philosophy covers the problems of the whole race, with every problem having a distinct resolvent to bolster the pe oples social knowledge. Rizals social philosophy dealt with 1. man in society 2. influential factors in human life 3. racial problems 4. social constant 5. social justice 6. social exalted 7. poverty and wealth 8. reforms 9. youth and greatness 10. history and progress 11. emerging Philippines.The above dealt with mans evolution and his environment, explaining for the most part human behavior and capacities like his will to live his desire to possess happiness the change of his mentality the role of virtuous women in the guidance of great men the need for elevating and inspiring mission the duties and dictates of mans scruples mans need of practicing gratitude the necessity for consulting reliable people his need for experience his ability to deny the importance of deliberation the voluntary offer of mans abilities and possibilities the ability to think, aspire and strive to rise and the kosher use of hearth, brain and spirit-all of these combining to enhance the intricacies, be auty and values of human nature.All of the above served as Rizals guide in his free burning effort to make over his beloved Philippines.